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seases of 
omestic 



and Poultry 

Their Cause, 
Symptoms and 
Treatment 



Price, $2.00 



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Diseases of Domestic 
Animals and Poultry 

Their Cause, Symptoms 
and Treatment 

BY 

C. J. KORINEK, V. S. 

AND 

A. W. Korinek, V. S., B.V. Sc. 



COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR. 
1915 



Published by 

KORINEK REMEDY COMPANY 

Kenton Station 

PORTLAND - OREGON 






JEROME ADVERTISING CO. 
Broadway Bldg. 
Portland, Ore. 



BUS HONG & CO. 

Printers 
Portland, Oregon 



Illustrations in this book are from photographs furnished by the Rural Spirit. 



1 

I 

(TO 




C. J. KORIXEK, V. S. 
Graduate of Ontario Veterinary College, in affiliation with the 
University of Toronto; Oregon State "Veterinarian under 
two Governors. Served four years as President of the 
Oregon State Veterinary Medical Board of Examiners. 




A. W. KORIXEK, V. S., B. V. S. C. 
Graduate of Ontario Veterinary College, under the control of 
the Department of Agriculture of Ontario; Graduate Vet- 
erinary Department University of Toronto. Served as 
Deputy State Veterinarian of Massachusetts. Pure Food, 
Meat and Milk Inspector for Williamstown, Mass. 



Preface. 

Realizing the need for a condensed, authoritative work on the 
prevention, cause, symptoms and treatment of the most prevalent 
Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry, the authors have directed 
their best energies towards producing such a treatise. 

There is always present the difficulty of presenting a technical 
subject in untechnical phraseology, so we have adhered to plain, 
everyday language, avoiding technical terms as far as possible — 
and frequently at the cost of grammatical accuracy. 

We have tried to be as brief as is consistent with clearness, 
for a condensed work of this sort does not permit of going into detail 
nor writing many unnecessary paragraphs. 

All of the preparations and prescriptions, as well as instructions 
for prevention, cause, symptoms and treatment are original, and the 
result of our long experience in the practice of Veterinary Medicine, 
Surgery, Research and Experimental Work pertaining to Domestic 
Animals and Poultry. 

The authors feel that such a work will be of untold help to busy 
Stock and Poultry raisers for quick reference, and if such is the case, 
our efforts will not have been in vain. 

In conclusion we wish to say that we desire the co-operation of 
all Stock and Poultry raisers, and will highly appreciate ideas or sug- 
gestions that will tend to improve later editions of this little book. 

THE AUTHORS. 



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Diseases of 

The Horse 

Cause, Symptoms 
and Treatment 



gj ByDRS. C.J.&A.W. KORINEK 



10 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 




POINTS OF THE HORSE 



1 


Face 


26 


Thigh 


2 


Forehead 


27 


Stifle 


3 


Lower Jaw 


28 


Hock 


4 


Nostrils 


29 


Hip 


5 


Poll 


30 


Splint of Bone 


G 


Throat 


31 


Angle of Shoulder 


7 


Neck 







8 


Breast 






9 


Withers 


SEAT 


10 


Back 




EASES OF THE HORSE 


11 


Croup 


5 


Poll Evil 


12 


Tail 


9 


Fistulous Withers 


13 


Anus 


17 


Shoulder Joint Lameness 


14 


Flank 


18 


Capped Elbow — Shoe Boil 


15 


Sheath 


23 


Laminitis or Founder — Na 


10 


Testicles 




vicular Disease 


17 


Point of Shoulder 


20 


Broken Knee 


18 


Elbow 


27 


Stifle Joint Lameness 


19 


Forearm 


28 


Spavin — Thorough Pin — 


20 


Knee 




Curb — Capped Hock 


21 


Canon 


29 


Hip Joint Lameness 


22 


Fetlock Joint 


30 


Splint 


23 


Hoof 


31 


Sweeney 


24 


Coronet 


25 


Ringbone 


25 


Pastern 


24 


Sidebones 






JAN 10 1916 , , £ 






©CM418381 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 11 

Abscess. 

CAUSE. Bruises and injuries. They are also seen in complica- 
tion with various other diseases, perhaps the most common being 
Distemper, Laryngitis, Pharyngitis, Blood Poisoning, Etc. 

SYIvlPTOMS. Symptoms will vary, according to the development 
of the injuries or diseases. It may not be noticed at first, but upon 
careful examination small tortuous lines will be observed running 
from tne point of irritation. In many cases a swelling is noticed 
which is hot, painful and throbbing and enlarges rapidly. In two or 
three days the soreness and heat gradually subside, but the abscess 
continues to grow. The hair falls from the affected parts and in a 
short time the abscess discharges, and the cavity gradually fills up 
and heals by granulation. 

TREATMENT. In all cases hasten the ripening process as much 
as possible with hoi water and poultices. Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister rubbed well over the surface is advisable where the abscess 
is slow in developing. It is common with veterinarians to lance an 
abscess as soon as possible, but this requires skill and practice. I 
cannot recommend stock-owners to perform this operation, as it 
requires an exact knowledge of anatomy. It will usually be found a 
safer and better plan to encourage the full ripening of an abscess and 
allow it to open itself, as it will heal better and quicker, and you take 
no chances of infection as with an instrument. When opened do not 
squeeze the abscess to any extent, but press gently with a clean hand 
or cloth at first to remove the clot, and after this simply keep open 
by washing with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant, one teaspoonful 
to a pint of water; carbolic acid 3 per cent, or bichloride of Mercury, 
one part to one thousand parts water. 

Abortion In Mares. 

CAUSE. Quality and quantity of food, poorly lighted, venti- 
lated or drained stables, mare falling, or slipping, sprains, kicks, 
hard fast work, or eating poisonous vegetation. 

SYMPTOMS. Mare will show signs of colic, the outer portion of 
the womb will be swollen, and if the colicky symptoms continue 
there will be a watery discharge and the membranes covering the 
foal will become noticeable. The animal strains when trying to lie 
down or get up. 

TREATMENT. Place animal in comfortable quarters and blan- 
ket if cnilly. "When colicky signs are present give one of Dr. Kori- 
nek's Colic Capsules as directed on package. To stop the straining 
give Tr. Opii, one ounce placed in a capsule and which should be 
given with a capsule gun; one or two doses are usually sufficient, as 
the mare will either abort or the dangerous period has passed. Keep 
animal quiet, feed good nutritious food and give pure water with 
the chill taken off, in small quantities, but often. Disinfect the 



12 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry- 

mare's quarters. A good general tonic is indicated — one that is 
strengthening and assists nature in throwing off impurities from the 
blood. Give Dr. Korinek's Tonic Capsules as directed on package. 

Anaemia. 

CAUSE. Poor quality and insufficient quantity of food, bad 
surroundings, overwork, lack of exercise, drain on the system from 
acute or chronic disease. Can also be brought about by excessive 
heat, cold, or pressure, and by diminution of the caliber of the 
arteries. Poisons in the blood, suppurations, wounds, repeated purg- 
ing or bleeding. 

SYMPTOMS. The visible mucous membranes of the nose, eyes 
and mouth are pale and sometimes have a yellow appearance. There 
is weakness, temperature of the body is lower than normal; pulse 
weak, legs cold to the feet, cold sweats are often present, breathing 
is quickened, especially in the last stages, animals tire easily, appe- 
tite and digestion becomes poor, swelling of the legs, and the under 
surface of the abdomen, sheath and udder, the skin becomes rough 
and dry. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause— if it can be found. Give one 
of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules according to indications, that is to 
say, if the animal is constipated, one Physic Capsule, then give one of 
Dr. Korinek's Tonic Capsules three times a day. Try to build up the 
condition of the animal by giving the proper quantity and quality of 
food. Give pure water to drink, also provide plenty of fresh air and 
sun light. Turn out to grass when the weather is favorable. This 
treatment should be continued until the animal shows signs of im- 
provement, then the Tonic Capsules can be discontinued and re- 
placed by Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic. 

N 

Apthae. 

(Sore Mouth and Tongue — Pustulai Stomatitis.) 

CAUSE. Superficial eruptions of the mucous membranes of the 
mouth and tongue. Frequently seen during convalescence of inter- 
mittent fever. This condition may also follow diseases of the diges- 
tive system, as indigestion, etc., due to the blood absorbing toxic 
materials which break out in the form of pustules about the mouth 
and the whole alementary canal (stomach and intestines). 

SYMPTOMS. The appetite is impaired, the mouth hot, the pulse 
not much affected as a rule, the temperature is slightly elevated, the 
animal is unable to masticate and small vesicles appear and eventu- 
ally terminate into pustules which burst and discharge a small 
amount of pus at the parts where the sores are the deepest. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause if possible. Feed clean, soft 
food that is easily digested, as hot wheat bran mashes and steamed 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry v 13 

rolled oats, vegetables, etc. For a mouth wash dissolve the follow- 
ing: One dram of Copper Sulphate, one dram of Chlorate of Potash, 
one dram of Boracic Acid in clean, hot water and syringe out the 
mouth two or three times a day. To their drinking water add one 
ounce of Hyposulphite of Soda twice a day. Where the appetite is 
impaired administer Dr. Korinek's Tonic Capsules as directed on 
package. 

Azoturia. 

CAUSE. This disease is always due to work after a period of 
idleness, during which the animal has been liberally fed. It is found 
principally among highly-fed draft horses, and never in animals 
which are regularly worked. Light breeds of horses are also suscep- 
tible to this disease. 

SYMPTOMS. Attack is sudden and usually appears when the 
horse nas traveled a short distance after having been stabled for a 
few days. The characteristic symptoms of this disease in an animal 
are: Excitability without apparent cause; actions seem to indicate 
injury of the hind quarters or loins. Animal has a peculiar goose- 
rumped look owing to the muscles over the quarters being violently 
contracted and are hard on pressure. One hind limb is generally 
advanced in front of the other, and on attempting to put weight on 
it the hind quarters will drop until at times the hocks almost touch 
the ground. Sometimes a front leg is affected. The breathing is hur- 
ried. Animal is bathed in sweat and is in such agony that it will 
seize almost anything with its teeth. Although the pulse is hard and 
frequent, the internal temperature, even in severe cases, seldom rises 
to any marked extent. The urine is dark-red to dirty-brown color. 
Owing to the stoppage of the worm-like movement of the bowels, 
there is generally constipation and retention of the urine. Some- 
times the symptoms are milder than here described. In other cases 
the animal falls to the ground and continues to struggle in a deliri- 
ous, half-paralyzed state until he dies. Sometimes this disease is mis- 
taken for colic or acute indigestion, but it can readily be distin- 
guished by the color of the urine. 

TREATMENT. At the first symptoms, stop and blanket the ani- 
mal and let stand from one to three hours; then move to the nearest 
shelter, keeping as quiet and comfortable as possible, as excitement 
aggravates the disease. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules 
followed by one of Dr. Korinek's Kidney Capsules every six hours. 
Injections of soap and warm water are beneficial. Immerse a blan- 
ket in hot water and place over the loins, covering with a dry blan- 
ket; or, if this is impracticable, take a liniment — such as Dr. Kori- 
nek's — and rub in like a shampoo over the loins. It may be neces- 
sary to draw off the urine which is sometimes retained, and it is 
best to secure the services of a skillful veterinarian. Allow the ani- 
mal to drink often, though in small quantity, of pure water with the 



14 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

chill taken off. If he is unable to stand on his feet, it is well to turn 
him from side to side every six hours. It is also advisable to fill 
bags with hay and place against his shoulders to prevent him lying 
flat on his side, as this may cause congestion of the lungs. Avoid 
drenching — it is dangerous. Should signs of colic appear and the 
animal bloat, give one of Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules every hour 
until the colicky signs disappear. 

Bleeding After Castration 

If bleeding is from the little artery in the back portion of cord, 
it will generally stop of its own accord, but if it should continue to 
bleed for thirty minutes throw clean, cold water against the part. 

When bleeding is from the large artery in front of the cord, it 
is considered dangerous. The artery should be tied with a silk thread 
if possible, or twisted with a pair of forceps. Occasionally the 
artery cannot be found, in which case the hole in the scrotum 
should be plugged with a clean cloth saturated with tincture of iron, 
which will clot the blood and thus close the artery. 

Blood Poisoning or Septicaemea or Pyaemia 

CAUSE: By the popular term "Blood-Poison" is meant a state 
of constitutional disturbance brought on by the entrance of putrid 
products — usually from a wound — into the blood. As a rule some 
pressure or inoculation is necessary for the introduction of poison 
into the circulation; hence, the necessity of free drainage and 
thorough disinfection of the wound, and the only hopeful cases are 
those in which by this means the supply of poison may be cut 
short. 

SYMPTOMS. It is introduced through any wound or abrasion, 
whether due to injury, disease or by an operation. Signs of septic 
poison are heat, pain and swelling. 

TBEATMENT — Both internal and external treatment is neces- 
sary. See that the wound has good drainage and wash with some 
good antiseptic — Dr. Korinek's Dip or carbolic acid; follow with 
application of Dr. Korinek's Antiseptic Gall-powder. The above 
treatment should be repeated twice daily. Also give one of Dr. 
Korinek's Tonic Capsules night and morning; they contain intes- 
tinal antiseptics which are very valuable in the treatment of blood- 
poisoning. Feed soft laxative feed and green grass if possible. 



Bots-Gastrophilis 



The presence of bots in a horse can, of course, be of no possible 
advantage to him, but their presence in small numbers as a rule 
produce little or no ill effects. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 15 

If their number be large they become a source of debility and 
irritation. In practically all cases they produce indigestion, espec- 
ially among young horses; also loss of condition, colic and even 
death. 

CAUSE . The bot flies which lay their eggs during the Autumn 
on the skin and hair of the animal. These eggs on becoming hatched 
(in from 20 to 25 days) produce small worms which irritate the 
skin by their movements and thus cause the horse to lick them off 
and take them into his mouth, with the result that they gain access 
to various parts of the intestinal canal. The bot having selected its 
place of residence attaches itself to the membranes lining the stom- 
ach and intestines and derives its sustenance during its stay from 
the wound made by its hooks. In the summer the larva, after living 
inside the horse for about ten months, quits its hold and is expelled 
with the feces. Having concealed itself near the surface of the 
ground it becomes changed into a chrysalis from which the gadfly 
issues after an inactive existence of from thirty to forty days. The 
female fly becomes impregnated, lays her eggs on those parts of the 
horse from which they can be most easily licked off and thus com- 
pletes her cycle of existence. 

SYMPTOMS. Membranes about the eyes and mouth are very 
pale as though the animal had lost a large quantity of blood; will 
also be subject to colicy attacks, hair faded, dull, rough appearance, 
appetite poor and develops a pot belly. 

PREVENTION. The best means of prevention are spraying 
your horses with Dr. Korinek's fly dope; it prevents the gadfly from 
depositing her eggs on the animals. 

TREATMENT: Withhold all food from twelve to twenty-four 
hours, then give one of Dr. Korinek's Worm Capsules; follow in 
four to six hours with one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. If the 
animal's hair is rough and condition poor, give Dr. Korinek's Tonic 
Capsules or Stock Tonic as directed on package. 

Bronchitis 

CAUSE. It may be the result of debility, constitutional dis- 
eases, inhalation of impure air, smoke, gases. Sometimes brought 
on by drenching by the escape of liquid into the wind pipe. Re- 
member a horse cannot breathe through his mouth. It may also be 
caused by sudden chill, foreign bodies in wind pipe, micro organ- 
isms or it may be associated with influenza, glanders, lung fever, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Sore throat, loss of appetite, thirst, animal ap- 
pears dull, membranes of the mouth, eyes and nose are reddened; 
urine is scanty and highly-colored, cough dry and husky. After two 
or three days the cough becomes looser and a frothy, sticky, mucus 
of a yellowish color is present, gradually becoming pus-like, after 



16 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

which the animal seems somewhat relieved. In the first stages the 
pulse is soft and weak but frequently the temperature is high, rang- 
ing from 105 to 106 F.; the breathing is quick and more or less 
difficult. 

TREATMENT. Place the horse in a clean, comfortable, well- 
ventilated stall, excluding drafts; blanket if the weather is chilly; 
also rub the legs and bandage them. Inhalation of steam from hot 
water and turpentine is beneficial. Give one teaspoonful of Dr. 
Korinek's Distemper Remedy every four hours. If the animal shows 
signs of chilling, and has fever, give one of Dr. Korinek's Fever 
Capsules every six hours. In severe attacks it is well to apply Dr. 
Korinek's Absorbent Blister or Liniment to the throat and windpipe. 
The animal should be fed on soft food, such as hot bran mashes, 
grass, carrots, kale, apples, or steamed oats. Should a tonic seem 
necessary, give Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic, as directed. 



Gapped Knee 



CAUSE. Bruises from pawing or striking objects with the 
knee, falling on the ground, etc., are perhaps the most common 
causes. 

SYMPTOMS. It may be a simple bruise or it may be a severe 
wound. There is always swelling, heat and pain present. The joint 
becomes stiff and interferes with the movement of the leg. Under 
careful treatment the swelling and enlargement disappear. 

TREATMENT. Relieve the inflammation by fomenting with 
hot water if the skin is broken, then apply Dr. Korinek's Antiseptic 
Call Powder. To reduce enlargement use Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister as directed. 



Gapped Hock 



CAUSE. Some horses have the habit of rubbing or striking 
their hocks against the partition of their stalls. May also be pro- 
duced by kicks from other horses, or hocks may be bruised by the 
singletree. 

SYMPTOMS. An enlargement at the point of the hock, which 
may run up along the tendons and muscles of the leg. Repeated 
injuries cause the hock to enlarge and become flabby, and in some 
cases it contains a bloody serum or pus. 

TREATMENT. Do not attempt to lance the puffy swelling or 
you may produce an open joint. The best plan is to remove the 
cause; then apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister as directed on 
package every forty-eight hours for one week. 

If the enlargement has not disappeared in two or three weeks, 
repeat the above treatment. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 17 

Choking 

This term applies to obstruction of the gullet as well as that 
of the windpipe. 

CAUSE. Too rapid eating, by which pieces of carrots or other 
roots or a quantity of dry food become lodged in the gullet. Al- 
though obstructions of the windpipe, caused while drenching, or 
food entering the lungs, will kill an animal in a very short time, 
obstructions in the gullet may not prove fatal for several days. 

TREATMENT. No time should be lost in removing the cause, 
which may be done by gentle manipulation. If this does not prove 
successful, secure the services of a veterinarian. He will use a 
probang or inject sweet oil or olive oil into the gullet with a hypo- 
dermic syringe. In administering drenches with the object of dis- 
lodging the obstruction, remember that they are apt to "go the 
wrong way" and give rise to lung complications. 

Stoppage of the windpipe from solid substance will usually 
cause death very shortly. If from liquid and it gains entrance to 
the lungs, it should be treated as lung fever. 

Coffin Joint Lameness — Navicular Disease 

CAUSE. Driving young animals on hard roads. Always found 
in the front feet, owing no doubt to the fact that the front feet sup- 
port largely the weight of the body. 

SYMPTOMS. The symptoms are very hard to detect. As a 
rule the animal will point the affected foot when at rest even before 
there is any lameness present. While at work he apparently goes 
sound, but when placed in the stable or when stopped on hard 
ground, one foot will be set out in front of the other and resting 
on the toe. It will be noticed that, the animal takes a few lame 
steps and then goes well again. Again he may be lame for a day, 
or he may leave the stable in the morning apparently well and 
sound and go lame during the day. In the course of time he will 
develop a severe case of lameness which may last for five or six 
days. These spells are intermittent and finally he becomes perma- 
nently lame, and the more he is driven the greater the lameness, and 
he steps short, wears the toe of the shoe, stumbles, falls on his 
knees when the road is rough. Sometimes both front feet are af- 
fected and the shoulders will be stiff. When put to work he 
sweats from pain; there will be extreme heat about the foot and 
he will flinch from pressure on the foot. 

Comparatively few recoveries are made from this disease. 

TREATMENT. First remove the shoe, if the foot is inflamed, 
poultice with bran or flaxseed. After the inflammation disappears 
clean the foot, clip the hair from around the top of the hoof and 
apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister, rubbing it in well, then turn 
the animal out to pasture. Repeat this treatment in a month. Ani- 
mals affected with this disease should be put to slow and easy work. 



18 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Constipation 

CAUSE. Indigestible foods, irregular feeding, lack of or too 
much exercise, insufficient secretion of digestive materials, strict- 
ures, ruptures, paralysis, worms, folding and twisting of the intes- 
tines, which frequently occurs in old age. 

SYMPTOMS. The animal cannot expel the contents of the 
intestines, which frequently causes colicky pains. Death from this 
form of constipation is generally due to rupture of the intestines, 
when due to indigestible foods or irregular feeding. Lack of or 
too much exercise seldom produces death, although the animal may 
not pass any fecal matter for a week. 

TREATMENT: Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules 
every eighteen hours uatil the animal has a passage, then give one 
of Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules every six hours, as they will stimu- 
late the worm-like action of the bowels and strengthen the heart 
action. Give the animal plenty of water, if water is cold, take off 
the chill. If animal will eat, feed easily digested food, such as 
grass, carrots, turnips, apples, hot bran mash or steamed rolled oats. 
Give the animal injection of soap and warm water containing a few 
drops of turpentine. It is best to elevate the animal's hind parts 
when giving injection, as they can retain it much longer. 

If due to worms give Dr. Korinek's Worm Capsules as directed 
on package. 



Colt Constipation 



CAUSE. Improper digestion of its mother's milk, especially 
when overheated or allowed to nurse too much or not enough. 

SYMPTOMS. The colt appears stupid; does not care to move 
about but lies flat on either side and shows signs of great pain. 

TREATMENT. Give two tablespoonfuls of Cascara Sagrada. 
Great care must be exercised in administering the medicine to place 
it well back on the tongue; do not hold the nose high or some of the 
liquid may enter the lungs; it is much better to waste some of the 
medicine. One of the most important factors in the treatment of 
Colt Constipation is rectal injections; they relieve temperature, 
gases and pain, promoting the worm-like action of the bowels and 
liquifying their contents. 

Colt Diarrhoea 

CAUSE: Specific infection, the action of which is favored 
by unsanitary conditions, irregular feeding or permitting the colt 
to nurse when the mother is overheated or out of condition. 

SYMPTOMS: Frequent watery discharges, sometimes tinged 
with blood, and as the disease progresses the colt shows signs of 
great pain. If not treated promptly the disease will terminate 
fatally in the course of six or ten days. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 19 

TREATMENT: Determine the exact cause, if possible, and 
remove it. If the colt has not been weaned, attention should at 
once be given the mare and if anything is wrong with her, it may 
be best to take the little patient away from its mother and feed 
it on cow's milk sweetened with sugar. Give two tablespoonfuls 
of castor oil on the tongue; this will remove the irritant within the 
bowels (Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour Remedy will complete the cure 
within a few days. Great care is necessary in giving medicines 
or the liquid may enter the lungs.) Do not pull the tongue or hold 
the head too high, and permit the animal to swallow slowly. Re- 
member that sanitary surroundings are essential in the treatment 
of all diseases. 



Colic — Spasmodic 



Owing to the great length of their intestines, horses often suffer 
from colic, wTrich is a common but severe abdominal disorder due 
to faulty digestion. 

CAUSE: Generally caused by overwork, change of food, over- 
feeding, sudden chilling, etc. The violence of the attack in either 
spasmodic or flatulent forms often kills the horse. 

SYMPTOMS: If animal is tied, it will show uneasiness, switch 
the tail, lie down, get up, etc. When loose, will walk nervously 
about, then try to lie down; in some cases will roll on back and 
attempt to remain in that position. 

The temperature rises with the severity of the attack and breath- 
ing becomes labored and fast, the animal sweats in spots. There 
may be either diarrhoea or constipation present. 

The following symptoms are always regarded as very unfavor- 
able: Legs cold to the feet, tip of ears cold, twitching of muscles, 
cold sweats, when the mucuous membrane assumes a dark color 
due to congestion. 

TREATMENT : In all ordinary cases of colic give Dr. Korinek's 
Colic Capsules every hour until relief is obtained. Also give one 
or two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules, except when treating a 
mare that is heavy with foal, or an animal having diarrhoea. 

Give an injection of soap and warm w r ater per rectum, after 
which administer Dr. Korinek's Diarrhoea Capsules according to 
directions on the package. 

DR. KORINEK'S COLIC CAPSULES are compounded with the 
idea of removing the cause. They are anti-spasmodic and work 
directly on the circular fibres of the intestines. They are also a 
heart stimulant — exactly what is needed in cases of colic. 

Beware of colic remedies that are given in drop doses, for 
they contain drugs that only relieve the pain, they cannot remove 
the cause — and when the effect has worn off the disease has prog- 
ressed, the heart is weaker, and the chances are that you will lose 
your animal. 

Always bear in mind that a horse cannot breathe through the 
mouth. 

Never drench a horse, it is dangerous. 



20 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Colic— Wind or Flatulent 

CAUSE: This dangerous form of colic is due to the distension 
of the bowels from gas. The gas is generally produced by the 
decomposition of undigested food. Wind or Flatulent colic some- 
times follows Spasmodic Colic, in which case there are spasms 
due to irritation from undigested matter, and subsequently disten- 
sion owing to its decomposition. As a rule Wind or Flatulent Colic 
is caused by errors in feeding or watering. In some instances it 
is produced from giving the animal a large quantity of rank grass 
or watery roots, which on account of their moist nature, is quickly 
swallowed before being properly masticated. 

SYMPTOMS. The signs resemble those of spasmodic colic, 
except that they are less violent. In most cases there is a gradual 
accumulation of gas, the abdomen is distended to a considerable 
size before the animal shows signs of uneasiness. In cases where 
the animal swells on the right side, it is the large intestines that are 
filled with gas. In other cases where both sides are equally swollen 
the stomach and small intestines contain gas. The horse's back will 
have an arched appearance, passing gas from the anus frequently, 
the horse will make attempts to vomit. In some cases vomiting 
actually takes place. This is a bad sign, as rupture of the stomach 
usually occurs at this stage. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. 
Rub the abdomen briskly for half an hour, then apply blankets 
wrung out of hot water. Injections are very beneficial. Use one 
gallon of water with about two ounces of turpentine added. Also 
give one of Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules every hour. Puncturing 
the intestines is advisable in some cases. This requires a special 
instrument and no one should attempt the operation without know- 
ing the anatomy of the part, as the artery of the intestines may 
be injured and produce an internal hemorrhage or an infection 
may be set up producing abscesses. 

Gold— Nasal Catarrh 

CAUSE. Atmospheric changes common in the Spring and Fall, 
animal allowed to chill when standing in a draft, or driven when 
the system is in a poor condition. It is also produced by inhaling 
irritating gases, smoke, drenching through the nose, feeding dusty 
hay or grain that contains infectious matter. 

SYMPTOMS. Animal is stupid, does not take food very freely, 
hair stands and looks dusty, throat becomes sore, pulse is not 
greatly affected. There may be a slight rise of temperature, say 
101 to 103 degrees F. After a day or two there will be a discharge 
of mucous from the nostrils which may be offensive to the smell. 
There is generally an increased flow of urine. The breathing is 
not much affected. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 21 

TREATMENT. Make the animal comfortable by placing in a 
clean, dry stall, where plenty of pure fresh air may be had. Avoid 
all drafts. Give one teaspoonful of Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy 
three times a day, placing it on the animal's tongue with a wooden 
paddle. Treatment is very simple if administered in the first 
stages, but if relief is not given, ailment becomes chronic and 
terminates in Nasal Gleet. 

Corns 

CAUSE. Dry feet, increased pressure from ill-fitting shoes, 
or high-heeled shoes, which tend to contract the heels and produce 
corns. Wide flat feet are predisposed to bruises which terminate 
in corns. 

SYMPTOMS. Lameness, or as the old saying goes, "the animal 
will go tenderfooted." When standing the animal is generally very 
restless, they paw their bedding behind them at night. Tapping or 
pressure on the foot will assist in locating a corn. 

TREATMENT. Discover the cause and remove if possible. 
Take away all pressure from over the corn and turn animal out in 
some damp pasture. If this cannot be done put on a flat or "bar" 
shoe, packing the sole of the foot with Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy, 
then place a leather between the foot and shoe. Also apply the 
Remedy to the whole of the hoof. Continued applications of Dr. 
Korinek's Hoof Remedy to the sole and wall of the feet every week 
will keep them soft and flexible, and with proper shoeing your 
animals will never have corns. Frequently coffin-joint lameness 
or navicular disease is mistaken for corns. 

Coughs — Acute and Chronic 

A cough is a symptom of various diseases, which should be 
treated in addition to the cough itself. 

KINDS OF COUGHS. Many writers give several different va- 
rieties, but for the sake of convenience I will divide them into two 
classes, namely: ACUTE AND CHRONIC. 

CAUSE. Acute Coughs are generally due to sudden exposure 
to cold, drafts and are the forerunning causes of the diseases of the 
organs of breathing. 

CHRONIC COUGHS are associated with and are often the result 
of sore throat, lung fever, pleurisy, bronchitis, broken wind, influ- 
enza, nasal gleet, catarrh, glanders, heaves and distemper. 

TREATMENT. Use Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy as directed 
on the package. Turn the animal out to pasture if the weather is 
not too cool, dampen the hay or grain which is fed, as dry, harsh 
or dusty foods tend to aggravate a cough. 



22 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Cracked Heels 

CAUSE. There is little doubt in my mind that ammonia, which 
is so plentifully found in ill-kept stables, is the chief cause of 
cracked heels. The action of ammonia on the skin is to render 
it soft and pulpy, and diminishes its strength by separating the 
layers of which it is composed. 

SYMPTOMS. When inflammation is set up in the part, the 
secretion of oil is interferred with and cracks occur when the 
pastern joint is bent where the skin has become wrinkled. The 
discharge from cracked heels has an offensive odor. In early 
stages there is extreme heat and swelling; there is also pain and 
lameness which will disappear as the case becomes chronic. 

TREATMENT. Keep the affected parts as dry and clean as 
possible and apply Dr. Korinek's Hoof Ointment morning and night 
after washing with castile soap and warm water. Feed carrots 
and green grass, and if possible, hot bran mashes every morning. 
Sometimes it is well to give a physic, such as Dr. Korinek's Physic 
Capsules. It reduces the swelling of the legs and tends to thin 
the blood. 

Curb 

CAUSE. Faulty conformation of the hind legs, that is to say, 
if an animal has crooked legs, a slight sprain from slipping or 
jumping will produce Curb. In cases where an animal has well 
proportioned limbs and is afflicted with Curb, it is caused by a 
rupture of the small ligament or cord situated just back of the hock. 

SYMPTOMS. A swelling will be noticed on the back part of the 
hock. At first the animal is lame and the enlargement is hot and 
painful. After a few days' rest the inflammation will partially 
subside and the enlargement can be plainly seen. When the animal 
is walked about he may be very lame at the start, but this will dis- 
appear as he is moved. 

TREATMENT. When the Curb is hot and painful it is well to 
apply ice packs or cold water to the part. When the inflammation 
subsides apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Rlister and rub it in well 
for twenty minutes; repeat 48 hours later. 

If the Curb is of long standing it is more difficult to treat, in 
which case the above treatment should be repeated again in two 
or three months. Do not use the animal in drawing heavy loads 
or drive on slippery roads for two or three months until the blister 
has strengthened the ruptured tendons. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 23 

Distemper — Strangles 

CAUSE. Distemper is placed among the germ diseases and is 
produced by the Streplocussus of Schutz. It is contagious and a 
number of animals in the same stable may become affected at the 
same time. It is supposed to attack an animal but once, but it may 
be contracted a second time. May occur at any time of the year. 

SYMPTOMS. The animal will first appear dull and show loss 
of appetite and the hair will look dull and rough. There will be a 
watery discharge from the nose, and in a day or so a lump will 
appear between the jaws; the animal keeps his head in a peculiar 
position; saliva runs from his mouth; the pulse will be a little 
faster than normal. The breathing will become more rapid and 
the lump between the jaws will get larger. This lump, or tumor, 
may form in other parts of the body, on the shoulders, in the 
groin, lungs or intestines. It usually causes death if it cannot be 
absorbed. This is called irregular distemper. A determined effort 
should be made to draw the lump or tumor to a head as soon as 
possible. 

TREATMENT. Place the horse in a clean, comfortable stall, 
excluding all drafts; blanket thg animal, hand rub the legs and 
bandage; give inhalations of steam from hot water and turpentine; 
this will relieve the hard breathing. Remember, a horse cannot 
breath through his mouth, therefore, liquid drenches are danger- 
ous. Give one teaspoonful of Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy 
every four or six hours according to the severity of the attack. 
Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy is in the form of a thick sticky 
paste which can be placed on the tongue of the animal, where it 
gradually dissolves, lubricating the air passages for two or three 
hours or even longer. To assist the lump or tumor in coming to 
a head apply a blister or liniment, preferably Dr. Korinek's Lini- 
ment, applied three times daily. If you fail to draw it to a head 
in three or four days it is best to secure the services of a good 
veterinarian who will lance it. 

After an attack of Distemper the animal is usually very much 
run down. Feed Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic and see him gain in 
flesh, looks and spirit. 

Diarrhoea 

CAUSE. Sudden change of food, frozen food, soft food, un- 
wholesome food, stagnant water or drinking a large quantity of 
water at one time, purgative medicines, or it may be associated 
with blood diseases, lung and intestinal affections, or produced 
by micro-organisms. Many horses, particularly slack loined, 
slight, "washy" animals, purge if worked or excited, as 
may be observed among race-horses when taken to a race course. 



24 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry- 

Diarrhoea may also be due to worms or it may be merely an effort 
on the part of nature to expel some irritant matter from the bowels 
or from the blood, in which case it should on no account be pre- 
maturely checked. 

SYMPTOMS. Frequent loose evacuations of the intestines, with 
or without pronounced abdominal pain; generally, loss of appetite, 
animal looks gaunt and the hair rough. 

TREATMENT. Keep the animal quiet, warmly blanketed, and 
comfortably stabled. Give pure water, often but in small quan- 
tities, feed moderately on clean food, such as, rolled oats and dry 
bran. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Diarrhoea Capsules every eight 
hours; they will not only check the diarrhoea but will tone the 
muscular fiber of the intestine which aids in throwing off waste or 
irritant matter from the system. If the horse shows signs of 
colicky pains, give Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules as directed. Ani- 
mals that are subject to diarrhoea should be fed Dr. Korinek's 
Stock Tonic which facilitates digestion by stimulating the flow of 
gastric juices. 

Dropsy of the Belly, Chest, Sheath, Udder 
and l^egs 

CAUSE. Poor circulation. Kidneys not working properly, 
lack of exercise, diseases of the lungs, liver, heart, womb or sheath. 
Mares heavy with foal often have dropsical swellings. 

SYMPTOMS. Swelling seldom contains fluid, although some- 
times a sticky serum oozes through the skin; fingers pressed against 
the swollen parts leave impression. 

TREATMENT. Avoid giving physics in this condition when 
possible, especially to mares with foal. Feed laxative food, such 
as hot bran mash, green grass, carrots, potatoes, etc. Dr. Korinek's 
Kidney Capsules are wonderfully effective in dropsical swelling and 
if given twice a day, will bring desired results within a few days. 

Eczema 

CAUSE. Anything that interferes with the healthy action of 
the skin as, checked sweating, irritation from dirty blankets or 
harness, or from accumulation of dirt on the skin through want of 
grooming, errors in feeding, overheating, or by infection. In some 
cases the cause seems to be constitutional; in others, local. Though 
the disease is not parasitic in character, it is probable that when 
once contracted, the diseased parts may become infected. 

SYMPTOMS. Slight dryness and eruptions that may affect the 
head, ears, neck, shoulders, flanks, inside of thighs and root of 
the tail, followed by vesicles or pimples which may burst and 
discharge or the contents may be absorbed. The animal will rub 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 25 

against the stall, manger, or any other object he can reach, until 
the parts are very sore, or if worked, he will rub himself violently 
when unharnessed. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules to 
move the bowels freely. Feed as much easily-digested food as 
possible, such as carrots, apples, grass, hot bran mashes, steamed 
rolled oats, etc. Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic is a blood purifier and 
is especially adapted for the above-mentioned malady. 



Eye Diseases 



CONJUNCTIVITIS, or Inflammation of the superficial struc- 
ture of the eye. 

CAUSE. Direct or indirect injury to the eye as, a blow from 
a whip, dust, sand or chaff in the eye, or it may be due to extreme 
cold, heat or foul air. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE MEMBRANE OF NICTITANS. The 

membrane of nictitans is an accessory eye-lid common to all 
domestic animals, the purpose of which is to remove foreign sub- 
stance from the eye in much the same manner as we use the hand. 

SYMPTOMS of conjunctivitis or inflammation of the membranes 
of nictitans are very much the same. A partial or complete closure 
of the eye and a watery discharge due to over-stimulation of the 
lackrymal glands, the fluid being secreted so abundantly that it is 
impossible for the tear duct to carry it away; hence, there will be 
a continuous overflow of tears down the horse's face. The forma- 
tion of a film or scum over the eye need not cause alarm if the eye 
shows no sign of puncture. 

TREATMENT. Examine the eye carefully and remove any 
foreign body with a clean feather. Apply Dr. Korinek's Eye Rem- 
edy three or four times daily. Avoid the use of liquid medicines, as 
they are hard to apply and the animal throws them out by shaking 
its head. 

Failure to Breed — Barrenness 

CAUSE. Contraction of the neck of the womb, growths on or 
in the ovaries, whites or leukorrhea. The first is the only form of 
barrenness which responds readily to treatment. 

TREATMENT. Wash the hands in some antiseptic solution 
such as carbolic acid, bichloride mercury, and see that the finger- 
nails are smooth. Grease the hand and arm with vaseline and pro- 
ceed to dilate the neck of the womb. It may be difficult at first to 
insert one finger but the opening will gradually enlarge. Work 
slowly and carefully until three fingers may be inserted. Breeding 
should follow about three hours after the womb has been dilated. 



26 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Filariae — (Thread-like Worm) 

CAUSE. Drinking stagnant water or eating hay gathered from 
swamps or marshy land. When full grown, the worm measures 
from two to six inches in length; the tail is more or less curved. 
They are usually found in the lung cavity, the heart sac, and the 
intestinal cavity from which they sometimes descend into the sac 
containing the testicles. Occasionally they are found in the watery 
humor of the eye. Animals said to have a snake in the eye have 
been exhibited as curiosities; in all cases the simulated snake was 
nothing more than the Filariae. 

SYMPTOMS. Colicky spells, poor appetite, indigestion, pot- 
belly, rough coat, swelling of the sheath, legs, and lower surface 
of the belly. 

TREATMENT. Prevention is the only treatment, for the worms, 
once they have entered the digestive canal, it is impossible to 
remove them. 

Fistula — Or Fistulous Withers 

Fistula is a solution of continuity to a greater or less extent. 
In fistula proper there are two openings, one external and one in- 
ternal, into an inner cavity. If there is but one opening, it is called 
incomplete, if two openings, it is called complete. There is no 
particular difference between fistula and sinuses. 

CAUSE. An ill-fitting collar or saddle, being struck by or 
rolling over an object and bruising the withers, sometimes from 
being bitten by another horse when playing or fighting.' 

SYMPTOMS. More or less swelling, slight heat. Pressure upon 
the swelling causes pain. In the first stage there is only inflam- 
matory action. The second stage is suppuration and in some cases 
there may be great swelling with but little pus formed. In other 
cases there is excessive suppuration and the pus makes its way 
out and discharges at the surface, where sinuses are formed ex- 
tending in various directions; sometimes the discharge becomes 
chronic and produces an enlargement. 

TREATMENT. If Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Rlister is applied 
before the sinuses are formed, they may be prevented from forming, 
but after the so-called "pipes" form, I advise that you secure the 
services of a competent veterinarian. 

Founder 

CAUSE. Overeating or drinking — in fact any irritation of the 
stomach or intestines is liable to be followed by founder, owing to 
the similarity in the structure of the foot, skin and mucous mem- 
branes. Horses with weak feet are predisposed to founder but it 
may also occur in strong-footed animals. Founder is also pro- 
duced by allowing the horse to chill after a hard drive on a hot or 
cold day. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 27 

SYMPTOMS. The horse is stiff and moves with great difficulty; 
he will generally, though not always, remain standing. Throws his 
weight upon the heel of the foot to relieve the toe, and if an effort 
is made to back him, he will drag his feet. Excessive heat is 
present at the top of the hoof and a throbbing of the arteries may 
be felt. When the fore feet only are affected, the horse will re- 
lieve them of as much weight as possible, when walking, by placing 
the hind feet well under the body, which results in a peculiar 
jumping motion. Founder may be mistaken for disease of the lungs 
or kidneys, owing to the standing position and arched back. Veter- 
inarians have been known to mistake it for lung fever; the services 
of such men are dangerous and should be avoided. Founder may 
occur in all four feet but the fore feet are more often affected than 
the hind ones. Mares sometimes founder after giving birth to a 
colt, due to inflammation of the womb; symptoms correspond to 
those of common founder. 

TREATMENT. In all cases of founder give one of Dr. Kor- 
inek's Kidney Capsules every six hours. Find the true cause of 
the disease if possible. It is well in most cases to give one of Dr. 
Korinek's Physic Capsules every eighteen hours till there is free 
action of the bowels. Physics are not recommended, however, 
where founder follows excessive irritation of the stomach and in- 
testines, or in mares with foal. Feed soft, easily-digested food, such 
as carrots, kale, apples, potatoes, hot bran mashes, steamed rolled 
oats, etc. Have the animal stand in mud, water, or apply bags 
containing mud, bran, ice — in fact anything tha will cool and 
moisten the parts. Elevate the hind quarters and give rectal in- 
jections of warm water and glycerine. 

Galls 

CAUSE. Injuries from ill-fitting collars, saddles, harness, 
hobbles and scalping boots. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause. Never wash a gall with 
water, as this prevents its healing, nor use oils or salves, as they 
accumulate dirt, dust and germs which may cause infection. Apply 
Dr. Korinek's Antiseptic Gall Powder. It heals and refreshes galls 
and wounds by forming a smooth surface over the part which per- 
mits it to heal while the horse works. Apply as directed on the 
package. 



Glanders or Farcy 



CAUSE. A specific germ (Bacillus Malleii or Bacillus of Glan- 
ders.) This dread disease is very contagious and is transmittable 
to man as well as to animals. Cattle and sheep, however, are im- 
mune. The disease may be contracted at watering troughs, stables, 
horse-shoeing shops, boats, and trains or transmitted by harness, 
bits, curry combs, bedding, pails, etc., as well as by direct contact 
with a diseased animal. 



28 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. The animal seems poorly, though the appetite 
is good at times, loses flesh, sweats easily, temperature is above 
normal and a cough is usually present; legs and abdomen are swol- 
len; discharge from the nose, often tinged with blood and very 
sticky; the membrane of the nose looks dusty and, if closely ex- 
amined, shows ulcers or spots; the glands under and back of the 
ears and between the jaws are hard and lumpy. Glanders or Farcy 
also affects the skin; eruptions or nodules called Farcy Buds or 
Farcy Buttons and varying from the size of a pea to that of a 
hickory-nut are found on the inside of the hind legs, under the 
abdomen, on the side of the chest, shoulder, and neck, also around 
the nose, lips and face. The discharge from these eruptions is of 
a greenish-yellow color and very sticky. Glanders or Farcy may 
be mistaken for Nasal Catarrh, Nasal Gleet, Ulcerated Tooth, Nettle- 
rash, Lymphangitis, Distemper, etc. The disease is fortunately 
not very prevalent in this country, as every precaution has been 
taken to stamp it out. 

if at any time you have reason to suspect an animal has this 
disease, no matter whether it is your own or a neighbor's or a 
transient animal, it is your duty to report it at once to the State 
Veterinarian. 

Grease Heel 

CAUSE. Parasitic fungi invading cracked heels. 

SYMPTOMS. Offensive discharge from the glands under the 
skin which, if not properly treated, red spots will appear, and yel- 
low discharge will form a hard crust sticking to the roots of the 
hair. 

TREATMENT. Cleanliness is one of the most important meas- 
ures, also a good nourishing diet. If the skin is swollen and tender, 
poultice with hot flax seed or bran. After the swelling and tender- 
ness have abated, wash well with clean water and castile soap 
and apply Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy morning and night. Feed 
green grass, carrots, kale, apples or potatoes if possible, also bran 
mashes. In all cases of Grease Heel give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic 
Capsules. It removes irritants from the bowels and promotes the 
digestion. 

Heaves — Emphysema of the Lungs 

CAUSE. Fast or heavy work. It may follow lung fever or 
pleurisy, or the animal may inherit weakness in the walls of the 
air-cells of the lungs. A very common cause is feeding dusty or 
dirty hay or bulky food. Horses that are accustomed to eating 
ravenously are often victims of heaves. 

SYMPTOMS. Disease may develop slowly or rapidly. When 
the animal is at rest the air is taken into the lungs in a more or less 
normal manner, but is expelled by two distinct efforts, the abdom- 
inal muscles aiding the lungs in expiration, as may be seen by the 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 29 

heaving of the flank; the movement of the ribs in breathing is 
scarcely noticeable in a heavy horse. A healthy animal when at 
rest will throw the air from the lungs in a single effort. The diffi- 
culty in breathing is constant and increases in proportion to the 
amount of food in the stomach and intestines. At the beginning of 
the attack there is a spasmodic cough which is more or less inter- 
mittent; this develops later into a short, weak, suppressed cough, 
as if the animal lacked strength in his chest to give a full cough, 
and is often accompanied by expulsion of wind from the anus, 
which is somewhat protruded. 

TREATMENT. Feed sparingly on good grain and hay, which 
should be dampened with water, if dusty. Do not feed musty, 
dusty, or bulky food, but give plenty of carrots, potatoes, apples, 
kale and green grass. Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy is very 
soothing to the breathing organs and should be given after feeding. 
It is placed on the tongue with a paddle or spoon where, being a 
paste, it adheres closely, lubricating the air-passages and will last 
from six to eight hours. In cases of long standing give Liquor 
Arsenicalis — two tablespoonfuls daily in the feed. After a week or 
ten days the dose should be increased to three or four tablespoon- 
fuls. Have your druggist omit Tr. Lavender. 



How to Find the Age of Your Horse 

To tell the age of any horse, 
Inspect the lower jaw, of course; 
The six front teeth the tale will tell, 
And every doubt and fear dispel. 
Two middle nippers you behold 
Refore the colt is two weeks old; 
Refore eight weeks two more will come, 
Eight months the corners cut the gum. 
The outside grooves will disappear 
From middle two in just one year. 
In two years from the second pair — 
In three years "corners," too, are bare. 
At two the middle "nippers" drop; 
At three the second pair can't stop. 
When four years old the third pair goes. 
At five a full new set he shows. 
The deep black spots will pass from view 
At six years, from the middle two; 
The second pair at seven years; 
At eight the spot each corner clears. 
From middle "nippers" under jaw 
At nine the black spots will withdraw; 
The second pair at ten are bright; 
Eleven finds the corners light. 
As time goes on the horsemen know 
The oval teeth three-sided grow; 
They longer get — project — before 
Till twenty, when we know no more. 



30 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Horse Dentistry 

This is a very important branch of Veterinary Science although 
if I were to go into detail on the subject it would require the writing 
of an individual volume. This science requires considerable prac- 
tice. The price of special costly instruments that would make it 
prohibitive for the stockman to attempt doing his own dentistry. 

My advice is to secure nothing but the services of a qualified 
Veterinarian, who has had privileges of a thorough knowledge of 
Veterinary Science. 

The art of animal dentistry has been abused by the owners of 
stock securing services of irresponsible men in the veterinary pro- 
fession who do not look to the betterment of the animal's condition, 
the owner of the animal not being able to see the condition of the 
animal's teeth for himself, he is talked into having the animal's 
teeth worked on regardless of whether it is needed or not. Perhaps 
the veterinarian needs the money and he will pull and crack healthy, 
sound teeth, also lacerate the poor animal's mouth. Be sure the 
veterinarian employed is reliable. 



Influenza; Pink Eye; Epizootic Catarrh 

CAUSE. Influenza is a specific and infectious fever which 
shows a marked tendency to rapidly spread over a large area of 
country. It appears suddenly without preliminary symptoms, and 
may become fully developed in twenty-four hours. 

SYMPTOMS. The usual symptoms are those of catarrh, although 
bowel, lung and brain complications may be present, either single 
or combined. It always gives rise to great weakness. The distin- 
guishing characteristic of influenza, from distemper, sore throat 
and other diseases affecting the organs of breathing is the sudden- 
ness of the attack, rise of temperature, varying from 103° to 106° F., 
pulse feeble and fast and a pinkish, swollen appearance of the 
inside of the eyelids. The animal is dull, in some cases almost 
unconscious. Sometimes the legs are very stiff and swollen and 
there is great difficulty in moving about. 

TREATMENT. Pure fresh air, avoid drafts, pure water to 
drink in small quantities, but often. Blanket the animal, hand rub 
and bandage the legs. Give Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy, one 
teaspoonful on tongue every four hours. When temperature is high 
give Dr. Korinek's Fever Capsules as needed. Do not give physics 
when the lungs are affected, as this is dangerous. Give soft food, 
such as hot bran mashes, steamed oats, carrots, apples, potatoes, or 
green grass. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 31 

Lampas 

CAUSE. In young horses it is commonly caused by cutting 
teeth. In older animals it is usually due to indigestion. 

SYMPTOMS. A puffy swelling and redness of the gums. The 
animal may have difficulty in eating. 

TREATMENT. In young animals when cutting teeth, let nature 
take its course, but when treating a horse of four years or more, 
give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. Then tone up the 
digestive organs by feeding Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic as directed on 
package. 

Leeches (Haemopis) 

The leeches which suck the blood of the horse may be divided 
into two classes: the external parasites which attach themselves 
to the skin of the legs and adjacent parts of the horse, and the 
Haemopis Sanguisuga and others of this class which, not being 
able to penetrate the skin, endeavor to enter the mouth or nostrils 
of the horse when he is drinking or grazing in wet and leech- 
infested pastures. They sometimes cling to the mucous membrane 
of the eyes. The horse leech, which lives in the water, usually gain 
access to the mouth and nostrils of the animal when young and not 
more than one-tenth of an inch long. They rarely go beyond the 
air and food passages, generally fastening themselves to the walls 
of the windpipe and gullet, where they cling till the animal dies 
from loss of blood or suffocation. They often cause bleeding from 
the mouth and nostrils and may be seen by close examination. 

TREATMENT. Remove the parasites and sustain the strength 
of the animal by suitable food. Give Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic and 
also feed common stock salt. Where the leeches cling very tightly 
to the mucous membrane of the mouth and nostrils, it is well to 
cause the horse to inhale the vapor of hot water containing tur- 
pentine. 

Lockj aw — Tetanus 

CAUSE. The bacilli of Tetanus are widely distributed and 
can be found on practically every part of 'the globe. Their favorite 
place of production, however, is in barn yards and marshy ground. 
They are frequently swallowed by stock along with forage, and 
can often be seen in recently expelled feces. The most favorable 
temperature for their development is about 70° F. They act by means 
of extremely virulent poisons which they produce, and which cause 
the terrible symptoms that are characteristic of the disease. 

SYMPTOMS. The muscles of expression are usually the first 
brought under the continual spasm of tetanus, and when thus 
affected give the face of the animal a pinched and drawn in appear- 
ance. The other muscles of the head and those of the neck, are 



32 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

next attacked. The mouth is closed, the nose poked out, the head 
elevated. The muscles of breathing and those of the limbs become 
contracted so that the neck is hollowed, and the tail is raised; the 
horse stands with outstretched limbs. The animal shows great 
stiffness or rigidity in attempted movements. The eyes are sunken 
and when startled, or excited the breathing is quickened and the 
Hanks have a wrinkled or corrugated appearance. Death may 
quickly occur from continuous spasms of the muscles of the throat. 
Another sign is the flying up of the accessory eyelid when the 
animal is excited. 

TREATMENT. If noticed in its first stages and if the animal 
is able to eat, secure the services of a good veterinarian and insist 
that he use fresh tetanus vaccine. This disease, however, is almost 
impossible to cure. Ninety per cent die. 



Lung Fever — Pneumonia 

CAUSE. Predisposition is largely accountable for this disease, 
which is more common to young horses than old; also, changes of 
temperature, introduction of foreign bodies or liquids into the 
trachea (windpipe) and the bronchial tubes, inhalation of smoke 
or irritating gases, excitement, exposure to cold after clipping, 
turning out to pasture from a warm stable, or injury to chest or 
ribs from being struck with a pole, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Dullness in spirit; animal usually shivers or 
trembles, when this ceases the temperature rises to perhaps 103 
or 106 degrees F.; the ears and legs grow cold and the mouth hot 
and sticky; pulse increases to GO or 90 per minute, full and bound- 
ing; breathing short and labored, and abnormally quick, increasing 
to perhaps 50 inspirations per minute, whereas in health it does 
not exceed 12 or 13 per minute. A cough is also likely to be present 
and the animals remain standing until they are on the road to 
recovery or until death takes place. Other symptoms are, consti- 
pation, feces covered with mucus or slime; urination frequent, 
scanty and dark in color; appetite poor but thirst great; the eyes 
look glassy and the membranes have an inflamed appearance. It 
is a good sign if the animal looks about freely. When the critical 
stage is past the temperature and pulse gradually fall, the appetite 
returns, the urine becomes more abundant and takes on its natural 
color, the cough loosens and the discharge from the lungs is profuse 
and of a yellowish color, and the breathing becomes normal. 

TREATMENT. Good care is of the utmost importance. Place 
the horse in a comfortable, well-ventilated stall, being careful to 
exclude drafts; hand rub the legs and bandage with woolen cloth; 
blanket the animal, give plenty of bedding and keep pure water 
before him at all times. 




PRIZE WINNING HORSES 



34 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Mange (Scabies) 

CAUSE. Mange is a contagious disease produced by the, pres- 
ence of a small parasite that varies in length from a fiftieth to a 
hundredth of an inch, according to the species, of which there are 
three: Sarcoptes, which generally affects the withers; Symbiotes 
Communis, affecting the legs; and the Psoroptes Communis, which 
affects horses about the root of the tail and mane. The latter, 
especially, is the one most commonly found affecting horses. They 
multiply rapidly and are spread from diseased to healthy horses 
by their bodies coming in contact with one another or by corrals, 
stables, railroad cars, etc., recently occupied by mangy horses. 

SYMPTOMS. The mange mite attacks the skin and produces a 
thickness of its outer surface, covering it with crusts and scabs 
with a consequent loss of hair. Intense itching accompanies the 
disease and affected horses continually bite and rub themselves. 

Psoroptic mange commences at the root of the tail or at the 
roots of the mane on the neck or withers and gradually spreads over 
the back, up to the head, over the sides and finally affects the 
entire body. In cases of long standing the skin becomes ulcerated, 
the animal becomes greatly weakened, emaciated and finally dies. 

TREATMENT. When a large number of horses are affected in 
one locality it is best to prepare a vat and dip them, under the 
supervision of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. When 
just a few horses become affected, the following has proven very 
effective: Sulphur eight ounces, Oil of Tar eight ounces, Sweet 
Oil two quarts. Mix and apply liberally to the parts affected. A 
few applications are^ generally sufficient to eradicate the disease. 



Monday Morning Disease — Lymphangitis 

CAUSE. This ailment is common with hard-working horses 
and is caused by confining them in the stable and allowing their 
usual amount of food. More nutriment is consumed than can be 
taken up by the system, which causes an irritation. It is frequently 
found in certain stables on Monday morning, hence its name — 
Monday Morning Fever. 

SYMPTOMS. Swelling and lameness usually affecting the hind 
leg inside of the thigh and extending down the leg in a hard ridge. 
It will pit on pressure and cause intense pain; the horse will have 
difficulty in extending the limb forward, the swelling may surround 
the leg entirely. Pulse will be 50 to 60 per minute, temperature 102 
to 104 degrees F., breathing will be faster than normal. The animal 
has great thirst, but the appetite is very poor, usually remains stand- 
ing, if he lies down will have great difficulty in getting up. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 35 

TREATMENT. Apply hot applications to the affected limb or 
limbs for one hour, then rub dry and apply Camphorated Liniment. 
Give one of Dr. Korinek's Kidney Capsules three times daily until 
the animal is on the road to recovery. Feed soft, easily digested 
foods, such as hot bran mashes, steamed oats, carrots and green 
grass if possible. 

The parts may regain their natural appearance, but there is a 
tendency to leave the limb enlarged. 

Mud Fever 

CAUSE. Horses driven over muddy roads during the day and 
exposed to freezing temperature at night, or driven over muddy 
roads, then washing the limbs and not drying properly, often pro- 
duces a superficial inflammation of the legs. 

SYMPTOMS. The legs are swollen, extremely hot and tender, 
the horse is stiff, the hair comes off the legs easily and if the cause 
is not removed, severe complications may follow, as the secretions 
of the skin become greatly affected. 

TREATMENT. Prevention. Horses that are driven over muddy, 
wet roads should have their legs rubbed dry when stabling them for 
any length of time. When the legs are badly swollen wash them 
with clean warm water and castile soap and dry them well with a 
clean soft cloth. Then apply Zinc Oxide Ointment or a lotion 
made from Acetate of Lead one ounce, Zinc Sulphate one-half ounce. 
Place in a quart of clean water and apply twice daily. Either ap- 
plication is very beneficial in the treatment of Mud Fever. Feed 
the animal wheat bran mashes, steamed roiled oats, vegetables, etc., 
as they have a good effect on the system which aids in relieving the 
inflammation of the skin. 

Nasal Gleet — Chronic Catarrh 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold followed by neglect, and lack of 
nourishing food; bruise or fracture of the frontal bones of the head; 
injury to the blood-vessels inside the bones, or an ulcerated tooth. 
May also be caused by tumor, or foreign substance or liquids in 
the nasal cavities. Sometimes dried pus in the nostrils, resulting 
from a cold, will cause nasal gleet. 

SYMPTOMS. A white or yellowish discharge from one or both 
of the nostrils, the quantity varying with the severity of the attack 
and the length of time the disease has been established. If, when 
tapping over the nose below the eye, a dull sound is produced, it 
is safe to conclude that the cavities are filled with pus; to make 
certain, compare the sick animal with a healthy one; in some cases 
you will notice that even the bones of the nose below the eye are 
slightly elevated. The lining of the nose may be of a red or yellow 
color but not ulcerated in spots, as in glanders. The animal may 



36 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

continue in pretty good spirits and work well for a time, but as the 
case develops, he becomes lean in flesh and, what is termed hide- 
bound. Always examine the teeth. In a case of long standing the dis- 
charge has a fetid smell, differing in this respect also from glanders. 

TREATMENT. If not due to injury or an ulcerated tooth, the 
animal will in most cases recover with proper medical treatment. 
Give one of Dr. Korinek's Tonic Capsules three times a day; if a 
cough is present, give one tablespoonful of Dr. Korinek's Distemper 
Remedy every* six or eight hours after feeding. When due to 
injury, tumors, ulcerated tooth, fracture of the bones of the head, 
or dried pus in the nasal cavities, it is best to secure the services 
of a skillful veterinarian and one whose professional knowledge 
renders him thoroughly competent. 



Navel String Infection — Umbilical Pyaemia 

CAUSE. While the unborn foal (fetus) is in the womb of its 
mother it is surrounded by enveloping membranes which constitute 
the after-birth on delivery. These membranes are attached to the 
wall of the womb and are connected to the fetus by means of the 
navel-string (umbilical cord) which is provided with two arteries 
and a vein for the nourishment of the young creature and for the 
removal of its waste products. 

It also has a narrow canal (the urachus) which serves to re- 
move the urine of the fetus; in fact the subsequently formed bladder 
takes its origin from a dilation of the urachus. Under normal con- 
ditions when the foal is born respiration takes place, the umbilical 
arteries and vein become quickly blocked up, urine is discharged 
through the urethra (which communicates with the penis or vagina 
as the case may be) the foal enjoys a separate existence and the 
wound caused by the division of the umbilical cord leaves a scar 
which is known as the navel. 

It is usually supposed that the germ of a navel-string infection 
gains admittance into the body through the exposed surface before 
the wound is closed. However I am of the opinion that the mother 
is the bearer of the infection in a great many cases, for in the uterine 
secretions of mares whose foals fell with navel-string infection, the 
same characteristic germs were found as were present in the joints 
of the affected foals. The infectious material is, by the act of 
covering, conveyed from mare to mare so that the mucous mem- 
branes of the womb becomes the habitat of the specific germ. 

By the inoculation of these germs into the blood stream of 
foals an illness has been produced which in the smallest particular 
could not be distinguished from that arising in naturally affected 
foals. If the infected germs are transmitted by the mother it is a 
strange fact that their presence does not produce any disturbance 
in her. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 37 

This is a very common malady in most places. I have known 
several instances on particular farms where they were unable to 
raise either foals or calves, but if the mothers were removed to 
another farm immediately after or before foaling, the foal or calf 
lived and was reared without difficulty, and although constitutional 
debility plays an important part the presence of specific germs con- 
stituting an infected area is, I believe, the most important factor 
in producing this disease. 

According to my observation about 75 per cent, of the cases die 
within the first three weeks after birth. This high rate of mortality 
would be considerably diminished if proper treatment was adopted. 

SYMPTOMS. The attack usually comes on during the second 
or third week after birth and almost always before the closure of 
the navel opening, which in affected animals will be found to be 
in a wet and suppurating condition. Occasionally foals two or 
three months old which have the urachus closed and are in an 
apparently healthy condition contract this disease in a form of 
painful swelling of the joints. The first symptoms are generally 
dullness; more or less fever; lameness which is often attributed to 
rheumatism or to injury caused by the mare treading on the foal; 
and disinclination to move or even to stand. Upon examination 
the patient will be found to have a soft, gelatinous swelling of one 
or more of the joints of which the hock, elbow, fetlock, stifle and 
hip usually manifest the enlargement most clearly. 

These swellings are hot and painful to the touch; they tend to 
suppurate and frequently cause intense lameness. In very rare 
cases open urachus may be without any joint inflammation. In 
this disease inflammation of the joints and open urachus are almost 
always co-existant. Animals which recover from a bad attack are 
seldom worth the trouble of rearing because as a rule their con- 
stitution becomes permanently impaired and one or more of their 
joints become stiffened by the attack. 

TREATMENT. In the treatment of this disease we have to 
attend to constitutional disturbance, inflamed joints, open urachus 
and complications such as constipation and diarrhoea. 

The comfort of our little patient must be studied under all 
circumstances. If the weather be at all cold it should be covered 
with a warm sheet. Should the foal have any difficulty in rising 
from the recumbent position an attendant should be told off to 
assist it to rise and see that it is regularly fed. It is only in ex- 
treme cases that the foal refuses to suck its dam. During warm 
weather, and especially if the ground is dry, such a patient is 
always better off for a little sunshine, but on no account must 
it be left out during extreme heat as in this state it is very liable 
to sunstroke. The best food for the mare is grass, which, during 
the day, she can generally have. The inflamed joints of the foal 
should be rubbed lightly with Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister every 
48 hours, which, when applied to the skin, appears to have a well- 



38 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

marked antiseptic action on the underlying tissues. An inflamed 
joint should on no account be bathed with warm water, fomented 
or poulticed because the application of moist heat would be the best 
possible means for promoting the development of the infective germs 
which are the cause of the local and general disturbance. The open 
navel-string should not be ligatured because that operation is gen- 
erally followed by an increased inflammation of the part, and by 
an aggravation of the other symptoms apparently on account of 
this outlet for deleterious products becoming blocked up. If the 
navel string has been ligatured and is in an inflamed state the 
ligature should be removed without delay. 

As a supplement to the food we may give brown sugar or treacle, 
both of which are easily digested and are very nourishing. Four 
or five eggs daily will also aid in keeping up the strength. 

Navel Rupture — Umbilical Hernia 

CAUSE. Hereditary predisposition is well marked in this com- 
plaint. It may exist at birth but, so-called congenital rupture may 
very probably be the result of the pulling which the navel-string 
underwent at the time of foaling. However it may be, umbilical 
hernia usually occurs during the first two or three months after 
birth; that is to say while the opening at the navel is becoming 
obliterated and the tissues at that place is becoming consolidated. 
They can, however, appear later and may result from more/ or less 
violent strains occasioned when the foals are jumping or playing. 
At other times these strains are induced by intestinal irritation ac- 
companied by diarrhoea or constipation with straining. However 
the strain may take place, the abdominal muscles contract and push 
the intestines towards the wall of the belly. Then if they find an 
opening or even a weak spot, like the ring of the navel while it is 
undergoing the process of becoming closed, they select it and a 
rupture is produced. 

SYMPTOMS. The rupture, the location of which clearly shows 
its character, may vary in size from that of a hen egg to that of an 
ostrich egg. If pressed upon with the hand, especially if the animal 
is placed on its back, will disappear, to return, however, when the 
pressure is removed. If it be composed of intestines it will be soft 
and elastic when the bowels are empty, but when they are full of 
semi-solid food, they will be doughy. In any case the tumor will 
feel elastic when composed of intestines and w-hen formed of its 
connecting membranes will naturally not vary in consistence. If 
intestines be present, movements and abdominal rumblings may 
be detected in it. This rupture rarely gives rise to serious con- 
sequences because its contents are composed of large intestines 
and omentum, either of which are, in this position, liable to become 
strangulated. It may, however, become engorged and inflamed 
from injury. Its existence naturally depreciates the value of an 
animal suffering from it. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 39 

TREATMENT. In the majority of cases the rupture will dis- 
appear of its own accord in two or three months. In case the 
rupture shows no signs of diminishing in size it is well to apply a 
bandage around the abdomen. Write our consultation department 
and we will prescribe a treatment that will apply directly to your 
animal's particular case. 

Open Joint 

CAUSE. Injuries, such as a kick from a sharp shoe, wire cuts, 
punctures from snags, or from probing a wound near a joint. Open 
joint is one of the most serious accidents that may happen to a 
horse for the sufferer is apt to die from the ensuing constitutional 
disturbance, and even if he recovers, the joint will, in all prob- 
ability be permanently stiff. 

SYMPTOMS. If the joint is opened or severely injured the 
wound will have an ordinary appearance except that there may be 
a flow of joint oil from the injured oil sack. However, the dis- 
charge gradually becomes more unhealthy until finally it is mixed 
with pus and blood and assumes a fetid odor. After two or three 
days the joint swells and becomes very painful and a high fever 
sets in. In unfavorable cases the animal dies from exhaustion very 
shortly, or at best recovers with a permanently stiff joint. 

.. TREATMENT. Never probe a wound near a joint. If the 
injury is small and is noticed at once, apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister. This will set up sufficient inflammation to close the open- 
ing and kill any infection that may be present, as it possesses 
powerful antiseptic properties. If the wound is large, wash with 
some antiseptic such as Dr. Korinek's Dip — one teaspoonful to a 
pint of water or carbolic acid in the same proportion; the dip is 
just as effective and much cheaper. The wound should be washed 
twice daily and bandaged with clean absorbent cotton and bandage. 
Do not attempt to syringe into an open joint or some of the solution 
may gain entrance into the joint. Keep the animal quiet and feed 
on soft laxative food. 



Palisade Worm ( Strongylus Armatus) 

This parasite thrives on poor and marshy ground and is com- 
monly found in the United States and Canada. The body of the 
worm is gray in color, more or less stiff and straight and thicker 
in the front than in the hind part; it varies in length, the male 
measuring from three-fourths of an inch to one inch and the female 
from one to two inches. It may occur in an adult or an immature 
state. In the former it implants itself on the mucous membrane of 
the large intestines by means of its armed mouth, while in the latter 
it lives in cysts underneath the mucous membrane of the intestines 



40 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

and is sometimes found in the brain, testicles and liver. The im- 
mature worms, which do not issue directly from the cysts, get into 
the arteries and are carried by the force of the blood to all parts 
of the body. 

SYMPTOMS. Same as in Red Worm with the exception of col- 
icky pains caused by the worms blocking the arteries which carry 
blood to the intestines, thus interfering with the process of diges- 
tion. Where the worms enter the arteries of the limbs, it results 
in lameness. It is a good plan to examine your animals once or 
twice a year to insure them against this pest. 

TREATMENT. Same as for Red Worm. 

Petechial Fever (Purpura Haemorfhagica) 

CAUSE. Constitutional weakness following some debilitating 
disease such as Distemper, Pink Eye, Catarrh and even following 
operations when an animal becomes weak from want of exercise, 
in which case it generally appears during his recovery. It is not 
infectious and cannot be transmitted by inoculations. 

SYMPTOMS. There is a slight swelling of the limbs, more 
likely to be about the hocks. The swelling may disappear by exer- 
cising but will soon return. The swellings present a very abrupt 
appearance, nearly the same as if a string was tied around the limbs 
and swell very quickly which is symptomatic of Pupura. Exudations 
take place in which, if on white limbs, you will see little red spots, 
from which a liquid is oozing. The swelling is very painful and 
the entire limb may be swollen. Small vesicles appear on the limbs 
and also on the mucous membranes, and it is well to look at the 
mucous membranes before forming your opinion, as you will, no 
doubt, detect these spots, which may extend into the lungs. These 
spots increase and may run into each other. The mucous mem- 
branes of the nose may become a mass of corrupt matter. The upper 
lip may hang pendulous, which is due to the want of nervous stim- 
ulus. If the nostrils are swollen very badly there is difficulty in 
breathing, the animal is not able to take food, the symptoms are 
considered very bad. The pulse varies much in some cases; althougn 
the swelling is very great, the pulse may not be more than forty or 
fifty per minute. The temperature is elevated one to three degrees 
above normal, there may be a coughing and a brownish colored 
discharge from the nostrils. The mouth and eyes become affected 
and together with the discharge from the nose, the horse is a 
loathsome object. In milder cases the appetite is retained, or the 
animal may take food one day and the next refuse it. The bowels 
are constipated as a general thing in the first stages of the disease 
and the urine may be of a dark color, may even contain blood. 
There may be a peculiar dropsical swelling of these petechial spots 
or it may show itself in connection with the eyes and there may be 
blood extravagation without outer symptoms. This disease may 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 41 

affect the bowels, liver, lungs, etc. The animal usually stands, 
perhaps from the difficulty in moving the limbs. It is necessary to 
watch the case closely, for flies will attack him and he will be 
filled with maggots. Sluffing may take place; the entire sheath or 
patches upon the body may sluff off and there may be paralysis of 
the penis. 

TREATMENT. Place the animal in a clean, light, comfortable 
stall. If the weather is cold, blanket. The following medicine is 
recommended because of its particular affect on the blood in this 
disease: Chlorate of Potash eight ounces, Iodide of Potash eight 
ounces, Quinine Sulphate eight ounces. Make into thirty-two cap- 
sules and give one capsule every six hours. Also administer one 
ounce capsules filled with Spirits of Turpentine three or four times 
a day. Moisten the capsules with sweet oil and give with capsule 
gun. Feed hot bran mashes containing two to three ounces of pure 
flaxseed meal. Also, feed vegetables, green grass, if possible. 

Pin Worm; Thread or Maw Worm (Oxyuris 
Curvula) 

This worm when full grown is about one and three-quarters 
inches in length; its tail is thin and whip-like, the head thick and 
terminating in a curve somewhat resembling the crook of a stick. 
The presence of these parasites may be detected by a light-yellow 
substance (the eggs of the worms) which adheres to the skin below 
the anus. Pin Worms, like Round Worms, frequently come away 
with the fecus. 

TREATMENT. Dissolve four tablespoonfuls of common salt in 
one gallon of warm water and clean out the rectum and when this 
has been expelled follow with an injection of two quarts of luke- 
warm water in which has been dissolved one of Dr. Korinek's Worm 
Capsules. This causes the expulsion of eggs and worms that cling 
to the walls of the rectum. The worms sometimes make their way 
so far forward that it is impossible to reach them with injections; 
in this case treat as for round worms. 



Pleurisy 



CAUSE. Exposure to sudden changes of temperature, confine- 
ment in damp, poorly-ventilated stables, wounds that penetrate the 
chest walls, fractured ribs, heart disease, etc. Also occurs in con- 
junction with bronchitis, influenza and other diseases. 

SYMPTOMS. As a rule the lung on the right side only is af- 
fected, although one or both lungs may be affected at the same time. 
The animal' is distressed and uneasy, trembles, affected side is pain- 
ful to pressure. Breathing is short and quick and the flanks heave, 
which shows that the animal is trying, as much as possible, through 
action of the muscles of the abdomen, and not allowing any move- 



42 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

ment of the ribs. The nostrils are dilated. There is usually a short, 
dry, painful cough present which is repressed as much as possible 
to avoid irritating the inflamed parts. Often when expelling air 
from the lungs the horse gives a painful grunt, especially when 
made to move. Pulse is generally hard and faster than usual. Tem- 
perature in early stages may rise to 104 to 106 degrees F. If the 
ear be applied to the affected side a dry, crackling or friction sound 
can be heard. A groove along the lower portion of the ribs will 
extend back to the Hank. Within two or three days the pulse will 
be softer and weaker, temperature will fall to 101 or 102 degrees F. 
and fluids form and the painful short breathing will disappear. 
The liquids may now undergo absorption, if properly treated and 
the case terminate favorably in a week or ten days. Frequently 
large quantities of fluid accumulate in the chest that cannot be 
absorbed, the breathing becomes weak and rapid and the animal 
dies from exhaustion. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Fever Capsules every 
four hours. It is very important that you apply Dr. Korinek's 
Absorbent Blister over lungs and rub in well every 48 hours. It 
absorbs excessive accumulations of fluid which must be prevented 
from forming. Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister when applied over 
the lungs stimulates blood circulation, which relieves blood con- 
gestion in pleurisy. Do not be afraid of leaving a scar if it is not 
applied too often. Grease such as common hog lard should be ap- 
plied and rubbed in well 24 hours after each blister. The diet and 
means of keeping up the appetite are very important. Coax the 
animal to eat. In pleurisy give grass, carrots, kale, apples, bran or 
steamed oats. 

Poll Evil 

Poll Evil is so called because it occurs in the region of the poll. 
It is not a constitutional disease, but comes no doubt from well- 
marked causes, as from inflammation set up and involving the bones 
and muscles in the region of the poll, and perhaps of the larger 
ligament. Owing to the low vitality of the parts and the action 
of the nead in taking food, etc., the pus is apt to burrow deep into 
the muscles. 

CAUSE. Direct or indirect injury. A common cause is striking 
the head against a low doorway or on ill-fitting halter or bridle. 

SYMPTOMS. Swelling just back of the ears on one or both 
sides of the head. The animal stands with the nose out; slight 
heat in the parts, pain on pressure. In the first stages it is merely 
inflammatory action. The second stage is suppuration, or there 
may be great swelling in some cases when there is but little pus 
formed. 

In other cases there is profuse suppuration and the pus makes 
its way out and discharges to the surface and sinuses are formed, 
which extend in various directions. Any abscess in this region is 
called Poll Evil. 

TREATMENT. The same as for Fistula or Fistulous Withers. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 43 

Quittor (Fistula of the Foot) 

CAUSE. Injuries. Horses working on rough, stony roads are 
subject to punctures, pricks, bruises, corns, treads, etc., that end in 
pus formation which does not get a dependent opening and destroys 
the tissues in which it conies in contact. Finally it bursts, forms 
sinuses and pipes, as commonly called, at the top of the hoof. 

SYMPTOMS. Extreme lameness, heat, pain and swelling will 
show themselves about the top of the hoof. As a rule a quittor 
splits slowly and is more or less painful during the first stages. After 
the sinus is formed and the pus discharges, the inflammation gen- 
erally subsides. Its healing process is often delayed due to the 
diseased portion of the cartlidges inside the horny hoof. 

TREATMENT. Apply flaxseed or hot bran poultices to relieve 
the inflammation and hasten the formation of sinuses or pipes. 
Then with an ordinary syringe inject the following: Silver Nitrate 
10 grains, water one ounce. Inject fifteen (15) to twenty (20) 
drops twice daily. Keep the foot clean and the animal as quiet 
as possible. It is very disagreeable, as stated before, and the heal- 
ing is very slow, but this must be naturally expected, as we are 
unable to provide the sinuses with good drainage. 

Red Worm (Strongylus Tetr acanthus ) 

The Red Worm varies in length from one-third to three and one- 
quarter inches, and is sometimes white, though it usually appears to 
be red because of the blood it contains. This parasite is found in 
all parts of the world. Its favorite haunt is marshy land. 

SYMPTOMS. Paleness of all visible membranes, eyes watery 
and inflamed, swelling of the sheath, legs, and lower surface of the 
belly; fetid diarrhoea, dullness, debility, emaciation, rough coat, 
and the presence of worms in the feces. The worms when first 
passed are bright red in color but after being exposed to the air 
they turn dark and may easily escape the notice of the casual 
observer. 

TREATMENT. Withhold all food for twenty-four hours, then 
give one of Dr. Korinek's Worm Capsules. Follow this in four hours 
with one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. Feed Dr. Korinek's 
Stock Tonic liberally. 



Ringbone 



CAUSE. Faulty conformation, for example, a narrow or straight 
pastern joint is considered faulty. Be very careful in selecting a sire 
when breeding, as faulty conformation is hereditary. Ringbone may 
also result when young animals are put to work on hard roads or 
stony pastures sometimes produce ringbone, before the bones have 
become properly hardened. Other causes are injury to tendons or 
ligaments, bruised joints, blows, calking, or picking up a nail. 



44 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. Lameness will manifest itself when the horse 
first starts out in the morning; this may become less noticeable or 
even disappear temporarily as the animal works. They will grad- 
ually grow lamer and examination will disclose an enlargement at 
or around the top of the hoof. This may appear in one or more 
feet, but the front feet are more often affected. 

TREATMENT. One important factor in treating Ringbone is 
keeping the patient quiet. This can be accomplished by placing the 
animal in a very narrow stall, carrying his feed and drinking water 
for a month or six weeks. Apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Rlister 
twice within an interval of forty-eight hours, the first and third 
week of his standing. 

To cure a Ringbone it is necessary to unite the ends of two bones 
together of the affected joint. I am quite sure that you will agree 
with me that a fractured bone cannot unite if moved frequently. 
The same action must take place in healing a Ringbone as that of 
a fracture. The younger the animal the better are the chances for 
its recovery, the bones in an old animal being hard and brittle, do 
not heal so quickly as in the young animal. 

Round Worm (Ascaris Megalocephala) 

Resembles the earth-worm somewhat in shape, yellowish-white 
in color, stiff and elastic. When full grown it varies in length from 
six to sixteen inches. These worms are usually found in the small 
intestines, although they sometimes invade the stomach, and when 
numerous, seriously disturb the animal's health. 

SYMPTOMS. The animal's general health is affected as is evi- 
dent from the morbid state of his appetite, rough coat, pot-belly, 
liability to colic and slight diarrhoea. Some of these worms are 
often expelled with the feces. As they increase in number they 
block up the small intestines, giving rise to colic, and may in time 
kill the horse. They sometimes cause perforation of the bowels. 

TREATMENT. Withhold all food for twenty-four hours, then 
give one of Dr. Korinek's Worm Capsules; follow in six hours with 
one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. If the animal is poor and 
run down, give Dr. Korinek's Tonic Capsules or Dr. Korinek's Stock 
Tonic as directed on package. It is a good plan to repeat the above 
treatment two weeks later to insure the removal of any worms which 
may have survived the first treatment. 

Rheumatism 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold rains, drafts, lying on damp ground 
when the blood is in poor condition. Also due to over-stimulating 
food. 

SYMPTOMS. Lameness, swelling or soreness which may shift 
from one place to another, then finally locate in or near one of the 
joints of the limbs. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 45 

TREATMENT. Take away all grain, feed green laxative foods, 
such as carrots, apples, potatoes, kale, and good hay. If the weather 
is warm turn out to pasture, but confine to a good warm stable at 
night. It is advisable to give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules 
for its action on the blood is required. Also feed Dr. Korinek's 
Stock Tonic. When the swellings are painful apply Dr. Korinek's 
Liniment as directed on package. 

Scrotal Rupture (Inguinal Hernia) 

CAUSE. Abnormal size of the upper ring through which a part 
of the intestines or its connecting membrane descends into and 
through the canal leading from the abdominal to the scrotal cavity. 
There is little danger of strangulation from this form of rupture 
which may occur at birth and disappear with age. A careful ex- 
amination. should therefore be made of the scrotum before castration. 

SYMPTOMS. In most cases this condition is easily detected. 
The scrotum will be somewhat enlarged. Sometimes the intestines 
will become strangulated and colicky symptoms appear. When a 
young male colt shows signs of colic, examine him for Scrotal 
Rupture. 

TREATMENT. The trouble usually disappears with age, 
although in some cases it is well to operate. Where colicky symp- 
toms are present roll the colt on its back, manipulating the scrotum. 
Diet carefully. 

Staggers 

(Forage Poisoning; Inflammation of the Brain; 

Cerebral Meningitis) 

CAUSE. Certain plants or stagnant water have the reputation 
of producing staggers; frequently seen in the early autumn months 
when the grass, in the pastures become dry and certain forage re- 
mains green, which contain toxic principles. These plants are 
ravenously eaten by horses on account of being green and tender. 
This is one of the common causes of the disease, although mouldy, 
indigestible or highly nitrogenous foods frequently produce stag- 
gers. This form of staggers is not contagious, although what pro- 
duces staggers in one horse will produce it in another. In this 
way several horses may become affected with staggers at the same 
time. Inflammation of the brain may occur as a complication of 
some infectious or digestive diseases. Other causes are blows to 
the head, tumors in or on the brain, which causes the animal to 
naturally stagger, as the brain controls the horse's organs of loco- 
motion. 

SYMPTOMS. Vary to a certain extent, but a careful observer 
will detect some trouble connected with the nervous system, as the 
animal walking unsteadily, stepping high and keeping the legs 



46 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

spread apart, bracing itself to keep from falling. There is also 
great depression, as dullness and sleepiness with little or no in- 
clination to move about. The head may be placed against a wall 
or fence and the legs kept moving as if they were trying to walk. 
As the disease progresses and no attempts are made to relieve it 
they will become fractious, nervous, easily excited, pawing and 
eventually fall, keeping the feet moving as if they were walking, 
throwing their head about in a delirious manner and death follows. 
The horse as a rule eats and drinks ravenously when the first signs 
of staggers are noticed, but in its latter stages the tongue and gullet 
becomes paralyzed and although the animal attempts to eat and 
drink they cannot swallow. The pulse varies. It is strong, but 
sub-normal when the first symptoms of staggers are noticed, that is 
to say, they are as slow as 2U to 25 beats per minute. As the disease 
progresses, however, they become weaker and faster. Constipation 
frequently accompanies this disease, also paleness tinged with yel- 
low about the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. In many 
instances I believe that the poisonous forage eaten by horses de- 
presses the heart action to such an extent that it results in the brain 
not receiving the proper blood supply, causing dizziness or staggers. 

TREATMENT. Place the animal in a clean, dark stall, keeping 
the surroundings as quiet as possible. In its first stage it is easily 
treated, but as the horse becomes easily excited and his swallowing 
becomes diilicuit, it is very unsuccessful. When the first signs are 
noticed administer one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules. If good 
bowel action is not produced within twenty-four hours, administer 
another. This removes the irritant from the intestines and prevents 
its absorption into the blood. Also administer one of Dr. Korinek's 
lever Capsules every four hours. 

My method of administering medicine to animals places me in 
position to treat them and compel them to take medicine even though 
paralysis may exist. When animals will eat, give food that is 
easily digested, as hot wheat bran mashes, steamed rolled oats and 
vegetables and give small quantities, but often of clean, fresh water. 
It is necessary to give stimulants and tonics as soon as they are on 
the road to recovery. Administer one of Dr. Korinek's Tonic Cap- 
sules two or three times daily. 

Sore Throat (Pharyngitis; Laryngitis) 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold weather or rain when the animal 
is not accustomed to it; drenching with irritating medicines or in- 
haling irritating smoke or gases. 

SYMPTOMS. At first the animal generally chills, the legs and 
ears cold, but eventually they become very warm as the temperature 
increases, coughing, grinding of the teeth, saliva oozing from the 
mouth; the animal will hold its head in a stiff, straight position, 
moving it as little as possible. There will be great difficulty in 
masticating and swallowing, as the food will come from the mouth 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 47 

in the form of wads, and as this soreness of the throat progresses 
food will also come from the nostrils. This is a bad sign, as ex- 
tensive inflammation is no doubt present. Water, also, runs through 
the nostrils freely when the animal attempts to drink, due to the 
swollen condition of the throat. The animal forces the water back 
into the mouth, but is unable to swallow and hence the water gushes 
out through the nostrils. The animal evinces great pain when pres- 
sure is applied from the outside and they breathe with great diffi- 
culty. Although the pulse are not much affected at this stage, the 
temperature is elevated from one to two degrees above normal. The 
urine becomes scanty and highly colored, the eyes blood-shot and 
discharging. Eventually the throat becomes greatly swollen and 
abscesses may form and discharge. As a rule constipation is asso- 
ciated with tfiis disease. 

TREATMENT. Mild attacks of sore throat are easily treated, 
but when serious cases develop it is unsuccessful. Place the animal 
in a clean, corhfortable stall; permit as much fresh air as possible, 
but avoiding drafts. If the weather is chilly, blanket the animal, 
hand rub the legs and bandage with woolen cloths or bandage. 
Administer Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy, one teaspoonful every 
two hours. In mild attacks give less frequent. When they will eat, 
feed food that is easily digested, as hot wheat bran mashes and 
steamed rolled oats, containing two or three ounces of pure ground 
flaxseed. It is always necessary to apply strong liniments to the 
throat, as they relieve inflammation and stimulate the formation of 
an abscess. Apply Dr. Korinek's Liniment. This will be found very 
beneficial. It will relieve the inflammation and hasten the forma- 
tion of an abscess. If the swelling is extreme between the jaws, so 
as to interfere with the animal's breathing, it is well to lance the 
abscess if a soft spot can be found. Just cut through the skin with 
a knife; then use a clean, blunt instrument to locate the pus cavity. 
Otherwise severe hemorrhage may be produced. 

String-Halt 

CAUSE. Several theories have been put forth as to the cause 
of string-halt, and it is generally supposed to be a nervous disease; 
a condition opposite to paralysis. The exact cause of this disease 
is hard to determine, but it is likely to occur in highly nervous 
horses. It sometimes follows an injury which may have irritated 
tne nerves in some way. I believe that castration causes it in many 
instances, due to the severe struggle when being thrown, or pulling 
down severely on the spermatic cord when removing the testicle. 

SYMPTOMS. Spasmodic contraction of one or both limbs. This 
sign varies, as sometimes it is very violent, while in others it may 
be so slight that it is hard to detect when stepping the horse for- 
ward, but on backing or turning the horse around the signs are 
easily noticed. All symptoms are better marked in the winter than 
in the summer, as some show it in the winter that do not show it in 
the summer at all. 



48 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. Very unsatisfactory, although an operation is 
successful in some cases, but if this is attempted, the services of a 
competent veterinarian should be secured. 

The feeding of laxative foods that are easily digested relieves 
string-halt in many instances. 

Shoe Boil — Capped Elbow 

CAUSE. Due to injury or pressure from lying down on a sharp 
shoe. A rough floor also has a tendency to produce it. 

SYMPTOMS. Enlargement of the elbow joint, which becomes 
tender and painful. When it first appears it is flabby and feels as 
if it contained fluid. Many veterinarians make the mistake of lan- 
cing the swelling. 

TREATMENT. Do not lance, but let it come to a head of its 
own accord, then apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister every 
forty-eight hours. Rub in well for about twenty minutes at a time. 

Side Bones 

CAUSE. The chief causes of sidebones are: One, deprivation of 
frog pressure; two, injuries; three, high heeled shoes, the use of 
which is almost entirely confined to draft horses, a high-heeled 
shoe prevents the frog from resting on the ground, which is the 
natural support of the foot. 

SYMPTOMS. Enlargement just above the hoof, usually affecting 
the front feet, or which may affect only one side of one of the feet. 
The pain which produces the lameness is due to pressure on the 
soft tissues between th newly formed sidebone and the hoof. Some- 
times the enlargement has a tendency to spread the hoof. In such 
a case the lameness is not so severe. 

.TREATMENT. Clip the hair from the part and rasp the hoof 
thin just below the sidebones, so that the hoof will dent on pressure 
from the fingers. Then apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister twice, 
48 hours between applications. Repeat this treatment every two 
weeks until lameness subsides. 



Spavin — Bog 



CAUSE. Faulty conformation, slipping, falling through a bridge 
or culvert; large loosely built draft horses are prone to this blemish. 
Bog spavin is hereditary and you should therefore, select a good 
type of animal for breeding purposes. 

SYMPTOMS. A puffy swelling located in front and on the 
inside of the hock, varying from the size of a walnut to that of a 
man's fist. It very seldom causes lameness, but is a serious dis- 
figurement and blemish. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 49 

TREATMENT. Ineffective unless taken in its first stage and 
when the animal is young. Apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister, 
rubbing in for twenty minutes at a time, every 48 hours for one 
week, then grease with common hog lard. Repeat this treatment in 
a month's time. 



Spavin — Bone 



CAUSE. Sprains of the hock from falling, slipping, jumping, 
pulling, traveling on uneven roads, falling through bridges, etc. 

Since spavin is due to causes which come into- existence after 
birth, it cannot be regarded as an hereditary disease. Hereditary 
predisposition, however, is largely accountable for its appearance. 
In the first place, the process of evolution, in the horse, which is a 
single-toed animal, descended from a five-toed ancestor, predisposes 
him to suffer from union of the bones of the hock, just as it pre- 
disposes him to splints. The weaker the bones of the hock in com- 
parison to the weight of the body, the more inclined will the animal 
naturally be to contract spavin. 

SYMPTOMS. Spasmodic catching up of the spavined limb, the 
moment the heel of the foot touches the ground, something like the 
manner of string-halt. At times the stiffness can be observed only 
when the animal is pushed from one side of the stall to the other. 
Spavin may often be detected when riding a horse down a steep 
hill from the fact that he drags the toeT 

The time of all others when a spavined horse will be apt to 
show his lameness will be the day following a hard day's work; 
and when he makes his first move from the stable in the morning is 
the proper moment for examination. Therefore, you should be 
prepared to form judgment quickly in these cases, for the longer 
the animal is trotted up and down, the less lame will he generally 
become. 

We may have a visible sign of spavin, swelling and hardness 
of the part, without lameness. If there be heat and tenderness on 
pressure, lameness will almost always be present. A careful com- 
parison should be made of the hocks. 

TREATMENT. One important factor in treating spavin is keep- 
ing the animal quiet. This can be accomplished by placing the 
animal in a very narrow stall, carrying his feed and drinking water 
for a month or six weeks. Apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister 
twice with an interval of forty-eight hours, the first and third week 
of his standing. 

To cure a spavin it is necessary to unite two or more bones of 
the hock, and I am sure that you will agree with me that a frac- 
tured bone cannot unite if moved frequently. The same thing exists 
in Bog Spavin only we have not the ragged edges of a fractured bone. 



50 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

The younger the animal, the easier the spavin is to treat, because 
bones harden with age and contain more mineral matter and less 
flexible animal matter. While treating the animal feed easily digest- 
able foods. 



Stifle Joint Lameness 
(Dislocation of the Patella) 

Although this is a rare accident, it is the most common form 
of dislocation which occurs in the horse. 

CAUSE. Young loose jointed horses are predisposed to dis- 
location of the stifle on account of the comparative want of strength 
of their ligaments. They are much more liable to this accident than 
older horses, especially if they are in poor health or in rough, hilly 
pastures; tbe nature of which would naturally make them susceptible 
to the injury; however, it may take place as a result of accident at 
any age. Young horses that suffer off and on from dislocation, 
frequently lose this liability with increasing strength and age. The 
dislocation may be partial or complete. In the former case and the 
most common, the patella, or the little stifle bone that glides in 
the groove composed of the lower hip and upper thigh bones has 
become entirely dislocated or removed from its natural position. 

SYMPTOMS. When the dislocation is complete the affected 
limb is drawn forward, while the foot from the pastern down ia 
drawn backward, and the animal may throw weight on it when made 
to move, which is accomplished with great difficulty. When the 
dislocation is partial, the symptoms are about the same as men- 
tioned, only the limb is less rigid. If the horse is moved the stifle 
makes a clicking sound. In this form the animal may have both 
limbs affected. 

TREATMENT. Do not try to move the animal about while in 
this condition; the proper thing to do is to remove the cause as 
soon as possible. By placing an ordinary collar on the horse's 
neck and tying a rope to the under part, drawing it between the 
fore legs and passing it around the fetlock joint, have an assistant 
pull gently on the rope and when the leg is brought sufficiently 
forward by the assistant, the hand is passed over the region of the 
stifle bone and a hard, quick push inwardly will throw it back into 
place. Although this sounds simple it is sometimes accomplished 
with great difficulty. When the parts are in their natural position the 
horse is apparently well, walks about as if nothing had been ailing 
him. Animal should be placed in a stall where he cannot move 
forward or backward, having the rope attached to the collar and 
the foot, holding the foot forward and Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister applied to the part and rubbed in for at least twenty minutes. 
This will strengthen the ligaments and muscles and prevent further 
dislocation and trouble. After being in this position for twenty- 
four hours the animal is ready for work again. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 51 

Splints 

CAUSE. Splints are caused chiefly by trotting or running on 
hard ground. It is evident that the higher the action of the animal's 
legs and the heavier the horse, the greater the danger of his con- 
tracting this disease. Jumping is also a common cause of splints; 
especially in a horse unaccustomed to it, for with practice the 
animal learns to regulate his movements so as to diminish to some 
extent the disagreeable if not actually painful effects of concussion. 

SYMPTOMS. A splint is detected by grasping the horse's leg 
with the fingers upon one side and the thumb upon the other, and 
tracing the inner and outer splint bones from their heads downward 
to their tapering extremities. Any actual enlargement will at once 
arrest the hand; any rising or irregularity will create suspicion and 
lead to closer examination. Horses, especially young ones which 
have lately been put to work, not infrequently develop splints before 
any swelling appears on the bone. For this reason in examining a 
case of obscure lameness, particularly if the animal is young, do 
not fail to look for the sign of splint lameness, namely; that the 
lameness is abnormally greater at a trot than at a walk, and that 
the animal usually fails to bend the knees freely and grows worse 
with exercise. The last-mentioned condition is also present with 
corns, but an examination of the foot will determine the question of 
their existence. In young horses splints are sometimes mistaken for 
coflin-joint lameness or navicular disease. 

To avoid this error, it should be remembered that, when brought 
on by navicular disease, the . action of the limb improves with 
exercise; also that horses of five years of age or less very rarely 
suffer from coffin-joint lameness. 

Some horses, owing to unusual development of the inner splint 
bones of the fore-legs, may appear to have splints, although careful 
examination may prove both limbs to be free from any bony deposit. 
When deciding such a point, note if the two inner splint bones are 
of the same size. Any swelling perceptible in a limb recently splint- 
lameness is usually attended by heat and pain on pressure. 

TREATMENT. If there is heat present, foment with hot or cold 
water and apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister at intervals of forty- 
eight hours every two weeks until four applications have been made. 
During this treatment, use the horse for slow work on soft roads, 
etc. As a rule the splint will not disappear at once but will grad- 
ually go away. 

Surfeit (Nettle-Rash — Urtecaria) 

CAUSE. The usual cause of Surfeit is supposed to be due to 
a character of food consumed which upsets the animal's digestive 
organs and the skin being continuous with the mucous membranes 
lining the intestinal canal, a disturbance of the one structure is 



52 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

readily communicated to the other. Apparently owing to the extreme 
dry nature of the forage during the greater part of the year, horses 
in the United States frequently suffer from Surfeit. 

SYMPTOMS. Surfeit is a term applied to an eruption of small, 
irregular lumps or boils which are more or less painful to the touch 
and which break out suddenly as a rule on the horse's body and 
neck, and, in rare cases, on the legs. A favorite seat of Surfeit 
is the parts covered with the harness or saddle and along the neck 
and withers. Surfeit is very troublesome and annoys both the horse 
and driver, especially when the horse perspires, as they rub vio- 
lently when coming in contact with any object. 

TREATMENT. Give two to four ounces of Epsom Salts in hot 
wheat bran mashes every morning. Feed as much sloppy food as 
possible, vegetables, etc. Avoid feeding dry, woody hay, as it irri- 
tates the intestines and aggravates the disease. 



Sweeney — Atrophy 



CAUSE. An ill-fitting collar, one tug longer than the other, 
striking an object when pulling — as a stone or the corner of a build- 
ing — a splint, spavin, ringbone, sidebone, coffin joint, lameness, 
curb, corns, stifle lameness, or in fact anythingithat tends to make 
an animal favor or abstain from using certain muscles. Sweeney 
is not a disease, but a retarding of the development of the muscles, 
which waste away or shrink when not used as nature intended 
Perhaps you have seen persons who had suffered a fracture of the 
leg or arm, and through not using the limb, the muscles would waste 
or atrophy and remain in this condition until they were again nor- 
mally used. 

SYMPTOMS. Locate the cause. The animal may be very lame, 
although sometimes any lameness is very difficult to detect, and 
where it is present, is usually due to ill-fitting collars. Remember, 
an animal may have a sweeney of the hip as well as of the shoulder, 
and keep in mind the above mentioned causes. 

TREATMENT. When you have the cause of the sweeney located 
it is easily treated as a rule. Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Rlister is 
effective in all cases except where the trouble is caused by corns, 
then use Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy. Rear in mind that it takes 
considerable time for the wasted muscles to regain their normal 
condition. 



Thoroughpin 



CAUSES. Generally due to some irritation of the hock joint, 
such as severe sprains from animal jumping, slipping, kicking or 
falling through a culvert or bridge, or it is frequently due to heredi- 
tary, so be very careful in choosing a sire when breeding. 

SYMPTOMS. Sometimes there is lameness when the thorough- 
pin is first noticed, but it will gradually disappear as soon as the 
inflammation ceases. There will be a puffy soft enlargement, which 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 53 

occurs at the upper and back part of the hock, beneath the great 
tendons. Generally both sides are enlarged and puffy, but occa- 
sionally it happens that one side only is involved. Thoroughpin 
is also a fore-runner of Bog Spavin, as they are generally connected. 
The hock contains joint oil, as all other joints do, and is retained 
in place by a thin white fibrous membrane. Irritation of the hock 
joint tends to develop an extra large quantity of joint oil, and, as the 
hock is less protected by tendons when a thoroughpin or Bog Spavin 
occurs, those puffy swellings are filled with joint oil and are con- 
nected. If you press on one side of a thoroughpin you will see the 
other side bulge out. If you press on a Bog Spavin and there is a 
thoroughpin present, you will see it bulge on either side of the 
thoroughpin — or vice versa. 

TREATMENT. If an old horse and of long standing, thorough- 
pin cannot be very satisfactorily treated, but if the animal is young 
treatment is often successful. Never attempt to open or lance these 
puffy swellings or you will produce an open joint. A good blister 
such as Dr. Korinek's Absorbent Blister is the only treatment that 
I could recommend. Make two applications, 48 hours apart, repeat 
treatment the following week. Remember to rub in well. There 
will be no danger of leaving a scar. Speedier results will be ob- 
tained if the horse be kept very quiet. 



Tapeworm (Taenia) 



These worms have been found in the horse, but so rarely that 
they need not be considered. When present they are more or less 
injurious to the animal. 

Thrush 

CAUSE. The two main causes of Thrush are lack of pressure 
on the frog and the decomposing effect of filth and fermentation of 
organic matter which accumulate in the cleft of the frog. 

SYMPTOMS. The animal in some cases is lame, there will be a 
swelling accompanied by a very fetid discharge, in some cases the 
frog has practically rotted away, there will be more or less inflam- 
mation in the foot. The legs may even swell. Thrush is more fre- 
quently found in the hind feet because of the manure and filth with 
which they must come in contact. 

TREATMENT. Cut away all loose 1 pieces of horn, then apply 
a good hot flaxseed poultice and leave it on for twenty-four hours, 
after which wash well with soap and warm water. Then mix 
thoroughly together one teaspoonful of calomel and one tablespoonful 
Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy and apply to groove in the frog. 
Keep the foot clean and do not allow the animal to stand in filth. 



54 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Wind Galls 

CAUSE. By sprains from slipping and concussion, and from 
fast work on hard roads. 

SYMPTOMS. When concussion alone is responsible, the sus- 
pensory ligament and the back tendons will at first be in a normal 
condition, and the swelling will probably be confined to both the 
inside and outside of the leg, and may be felt in the form of a 
puffy swelling on each side of the fetlock by placing the fore-finger 
and thumb on the joint. In more serious cases resulting from sprains 
the vacant space between the back tendons and the suspensory liga- 
ment may also become filled with fluids. In other words, a wind 
gall has formed. In some cases the animal may be lame. 

TREATMENT. When there is heat present apply cold, wet 
packs until the heat disappears, then apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister, rub in well for twenty minutes and repeat at intervals of 
48 hours. This treatment is not always successful so do not be dis- 
couraged if the enlargements do not disappear. 



Wounds 

Wounds caused by external injuries have a general resemblance, 
and whether clean-cut, punctured, lacerated, poisonous, gunshot, etc., 
they require practically the same treatment. 

TREATMENT. First stop excessive bleeding. There are several 
methods of accomplishing this, such as tying the artery with clean 
thread, searing with a hot iron, twisting the artery with forceps, 
or with compressed bandages. After the bleeding is suppressed ana 
all foreign matter and ragged pieces of flesh removed from the 
wound, wash with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant, one tea- 
spoonful to a pint of water, or a carbolic acid solution of the same 
strength. 

SEWING OF WOUNDS. I cannot say that I am in favor of 
sewing wounds unless they are gaping badly. After the wound is 
clean dust on Dr. Korinek's Antiseptic Gall Powder. Heavy cotton 
thread may be used for sewing the wound after being saturated in 
the antiseptic solution as above mentioned. Twitch the animal's 
nose or you may be compelled to throw him. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



55 



Wolf or Supernumerary Teeth 

Wolf teeth are comparatively small in size and have only one 
root and are found just in front of the upper molar teeth. Some- 
times they do harm, but that is an exception and not the rule. They 
can be easily removed with a pair of small forceps or in some 
instances may be punched out. 

I think they interfere with the eyes, causing them to become 
watery and inflamed. This is due to the tooth exerting some in- 
fluence upon the optholmic division of the fifth nerve. 

Supernumerary tooth substance may develop in almost any part 
of the body. This substance is called supernumerary teeth and is 
most commonly found in the testicles, ovaries or sinuses of the 
head. 




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Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 




POINTS OF THE COW 



1 


Muzzle 


2 


Jaw 


3 


Face 


4 


Forehead 


5 


Eye 


6 


Ear 


7 


Throat 


8 


Neck 


9 


Withers 


10 


Shoulder 


11 


Knee 


12 


Dewlap 


13 


Chest 


14 


Back 



15 


Ribs 


1G 


Barrel 


17 


Loins 


18 


Hips 


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Rump 


20 


Pin Bones 


21 


Tail 


22 


Hock 


23 


Stifle 


24 


Udder 


25 


Teats 


26 


Milk Veins 


27 


Milk Wells 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 59 

Abortion (Non-Contagious) 

CAUSE. Injuries from slipping or falling on icy roads, in box 
cars or deep gutters; receiving blows on the body, keeping the 
animal in unsanitary stables, eating poor food that may be irri- 
tating or poisonous, etc. In such cases the cow's vitality is in a 
run-down condition, so to speak, and the fetus dies and is expelled 
as a result. Losing large quantities of blood also produce abortion, 
or a cow heavy with calf placed in the same quarters with the cows 
that retain their after-birth also has a tendency to produce it. 
Intestinal worms, lung worms, liver flukes, cause an excessive drain 
upon the system or produce irritation of the digestive organs, con- 
sequently the cow gets very poor and emaciated. The above men- 
tioned are perhaps the most common causes of "non-contagious 
abortion." 

SYMPTOMS. The cow is uneasy, becomes separated from the 
herd, the bag and vigina may be slightly inflamed and perhaps dis- 
charging. If a cow heavy with calf and she craves eating dirt, rags, 
nails, etc., this indicates a lack of iron or phosphorus in her system 
and proper food should be provided for relief. 

PREVENTATIVE TREATMENT. Provide clean, warm, com- 
fortable quarters, good food, clean water to drink, do not subject 
to injuries, do not permit coming in contact with cows retaining 
their afterbirth. 

The above is very important, especially if the cows are valu- 
able and a large yield of milk is expected. If they have worms, 
treat the same as under special heading. If they have a loss of 
blood or a lack of mineral matter in their system, give Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner as directed. 



Anthrax 

Anthrax is a very contagious disease and can be communicated 
to all warm blooded animals and to man as well. 

CAUSE. Due to the presence of a germ called the Racillus of 
Anthrax and is one of the oldest diseases attributed to germs. These 
bacilla thrive in a warm climate, although sometimes found in cold 
countries. The infection is carried to various parts of the world 
by boxcars, ships, hides, hoofs, horns, wool and hair taken from sick 
or dead animals affected with Anthrax. This, perhaps, is the most 
common method of spreading the disease. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite, grinding of the teeth indicating 
great pain, trembling of the muscles, temperature elevated to 104° 
or 106° F., breathing very rapid, pulse fast and weak, hair rough. 



60 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

I 

There are some cases where animals are seized quickly with the 
disease and die very suddenly. This form resembles apoplexy. 
Carbuncles or abscesses are seen on the surface of the body in nearly 
all cases, a bloody discharge from the mouth and nose. The 
animal may paw the ground, rear in the air, run, and finally go into 
convulsions and die. This is termed "the furious form of Anthrax." 

TREATMENT. Prevention is the most important. Fields or 
pastures that are infected with this disease should be burned 
every summer if possible, to destroy the germs, The animals that 
succumb to the disease should be buried deeply and quick lime 
thrown upon them; and blood stains upon the ground should 
have a strong disinfectant thrown upon them. The hide of such 
an animal should not be used, as the person removing it is likely 
to contract the same disease, especially if an abrasion is present 
on the hand, or such a hide or any portion thereof is likely to spread 
the infection after reaching the tannery, etc. 

MEDICAL TREATMENT OR SERUM TREATMENT. This is the 
only thorough method of eradicating the disease, and when it once 
becomes prevalent in a locality the services of a competent veter- 
inarian should be secured and all animals inoculated. 

Amaurosis 

Diminution, or complete loss of vision. 

CAUSE. Paralysis of the optic nerve (nerve of sight) injury 
to the eye, or confinement in dark stables. 

SYMPTOMS. Pupil fully dilated and glassy— sometimes called 
glassy eye. The cow carries the head high and steps high, which 
is very unusual in a cow. A blind cow would be a serious trouble 
to her owner. 

TREATMENT. Nothing can be done for the cow after she is 
blind, but the condition may be prevented, and if detected in its 
early stages, the development of the disease may be arrested by the 
use of Dr. Korinek's Eye Remedy. 

Abscesses 

An abscess is a pus-containing cavity. 

CAUSE. Injuries, bruises; tapping the cow when bloated, may 
result in an abscess if the operation is not properly performed. 

SYMPTOMS. The condition is not always noticeable in the first 
stages of its development, but in time a well-defined swelling ap- 
pears which is hard and tender to the touch. The hair falls from 
the affected part, which grows softer and less sensitive as it comes 
to a head. When ripe it breaks and discharges pus. 




THOROUGHBRED SIRES 



62 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. It is always better to allow the abscess to open 
naturally and without the aid of a knife, as there is danger of cut 1 
ting an artery and causing the animal to bleed to death. As soon as 
the abscess breaks it should be drained and washed out thoroughly 
with Dr. Korinek's Dip, one teaspoonful to a pint of water. If it 
seems slow in coming to a head, apply Dr. Korinek's Absorbent 
Blister, as directed; this will hasten the ripening process. Give Dr. 
Korinek's Kow Konditioner, which is a great aid to the system in 
throwing off poisons. 

Blood Poison (Pyaemia; Septicaemia) 

CAUSE. Due to a septic infection taken into the blood, fre- 
quently found in cows with retained afterbirths, following inflam- 
mation of the womb or intestines, wounds and bruises of the skin 
and frequently found in calves affected with joint illness. 

SYMPTOMS. High temperature, 103° to 107° F., pulse rapid 
and feeble, breathing increased, grinding of the teeth, the animal 
refuses to eat in most cases and ceases to chew the cud, although 
there may be great thirst present. Abscesses may form in various 
parts of the body, the membranes of the eyes and mouth will be 
congested with blood, giving them a dark-red appearance, although 
in the latter stages of blood poison this may change to a yellowish 
tinge. Constipation or diarrhoea may be connected with the disease. 
The animal dies from general emaciation from four to six days 
after the first symptoms are noticed. 

TREATMENT. The treatment of this disease is very unsatis- 
factory and death is the usual result. Perhaps the best treatment 
used is Dr. Korinek's Kidney Capsules internally, which thins and 
purifies the blood, and if there are any abscesses or wounds steam 
with hot packs after which apply Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant. 
While in the process of recovery give Dr. Korinek's Kow Kondi- 
tioner as directed and you will be well paid for the quick results 
you will get. 

Bronchitis 

Inflammation of the membranes lining the Bronchia. 

CAUSE. Result of inhaling cold air when not accustomed to it. 
A bad cold, if neglected, may develop into Bronchitis. It may also be 
caused by drenching with irritating medicines if, as sometimes hap- 
pens, the drench enters the air passages instead of the gullet. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite; fever, temperature 104° to 105° F. 
by the fever thermometer; breathing short and labored; painful 
cough, indicating inflammation of the windpipe and bronchial tubes 
and if the ear is placed to the side of the chest, a crepitating or 
cracking sound may be heard. Discharge from the nose and mouth. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 6S 

TREATMENT. Place the animal in clean, warm, comfortable 
quarters, well-ventilated but free from drafts; blanket well and 
give Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy, two tablespoonfuls on the 
tongue every three or four hours. If the fever is high, give Dr. 
Korinek's Fever Capsules. 



Bleeding ( Haemorrhage ) 

CAUSE. May be caused in various ways and is sometimes 
difficult to control. 

TREATMENT. Dr. Korinek's Antiseptic Gall Powder applied 
to the wound will cause the artery or vein to contract, thus check- 
ing the flow of blood; bandages should then be applied and the 
animal kept quiet. If the location of the injury will admit artery 
or vein being tied with thread, it is well to do so. 

Bleeding from the navel in the newly-born calf may be caused 
by the cow bursting the navel-string too near the body of the calf. 
After washing the umbilical thoroughly with Dr. Korinek's Dip 
(one teaspoonful to a pint of warm water) tie a strong string around 
the navel-cord and leave it there until it drops off. 

Bleeding from the womb may be caused by pulling the after- 
birth from the cow, or by laceration of the organ during calving. 
Wash out the womb with a solution of Zinc Sulphate, one teaspoon- 
ful to a pail of water. Keep the animal quiet and give plenty of 
cool water to drink. 

Blue Milk 

In this condition the milk becomes watery and of a bluish color. 

CAUSE. Germ (Baccillus Cyanogenus). 

SYMPTOMS. The only symptom is the bluish color of the milk. 

TREATMENT. This condition yields readily to Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner and good rich food. 



Bloody Milk 



CAUSE. This condition may be caused by injury of the udder, 
rupture of an artery, etc., or it may be due to eating resinous plants. 

TREATMENT. Secure one of Dr. Korinek's Milk Fever and 
Garget Apparatus, and treat the same as an ordinary case of garget. 
Great care should be exercised in milking as the condition may be 
aggravated. In addition to the above treatment give Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner. 



64 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Black Leg; Symptomatic Anthrax; Black 
Quarter 

CAUSE. Due to germs. The Bacillus of Black Leg gains en- 
trance to the blood by wounds of the skin or the mucus membranes, 
lining of the mouth, and the intestines. This disease principally 
affects cattle, although sheep and goats may become affected with 
the same disease. 

SYMPTOMS. This disease affects cattle that are in good condi- 
tion and between the ages of six months and two years. In most 
cases death is very sudden, and perhaps the animal is found dead. 
The first symptoms are high temperature, from 104° to 108° F., loss 
of appetite, the animal stops chewing the cud, breathing consider- 
ably hurried, the joints of the limbs become swollen, also the chest 
and shoulders. All the swellings are painful on pressure and spread 
very rapidly over the body. The affected animals move with great 
diiliculty and lie down frequently. If the hand is passed over the 
body, there is a peculiar crackling sound due to the gas developing 
under the skin. At the most distended portions of the swellings 
the skin becomes dry and the animal apparently has no sense of 
feeling. If the skin is punctured at this place, there will be a dark- 
red, frothy discharge which has a very disagreeable odor. There 
will be a shivering of the muscles and the animal dies from con- 
vulsions. 

TREATMENT. Remove non-affected animals to non-infected 
pastures, and confine affected animals to as small a territory as pos- 
sible. The carcasses of the dead animals should be buried deep and 
covered with lime or burned, being very careful that all blood stains 
on the ground where the animals have been skinned are thoroughly 
disinfected. Inoculation is necessary, and is the best form of 
treatment in localities where Black Leg exists. Inoculate or vac- 
cinate the calves when six months old or over, although after the 
animal reaches the age of two years or over they generally become 
immune to this disease. 

Barrenness 

CAUSE. Overfeeding, food too rich or too poor in quality, or 
an insufficient quantity of food. Diseased generative organs, Con- 
tagious Abortion, Leucorrhea, or diseased ovaries. Malformations, 
abnormal growths in the womb, closure of the neck of the womb, etc. 
Inbreeding, using the same herd bull on his own offspring. Breed- 
ing too young, offspring takes nourishment away from the young 
heifer, which is necessary to complete her maturity. 

When a bull and a heifer are born twins, one or the other is 
unable to reproduce. Heifers become muscular, bag is undeveloped, 
and they resemble a steer. 

Overstimulation of the generative organs, excessive secretions, 
or to inactivity and absence of secretions. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 65 

TREATMENT. In some instances it is impossible for cows to 
breed, in which case it is best to market them. In other cases, a 
good breeding tonic is all that is necessary. Give Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner as directed on the can. If the neck of the womb is 
contracted, it should be dilated. If due to Contagious Abortion, the 
cow should be treated for the disease. 



Bloating 



A very common disorder in cattle and characterized by a puffed- 
up appearance of the left flank. The cow has four stomachs, of 
which the rumen is the largest, its capacity being about fifty gallons 
in the average cow, and it is this stomach which fills with gas 
when a cow bloats. 

CAUSE. Eating green clover or alfalfa; even when a cow is 
accustomed to this diet, it may cause bloating if wet with dew or 
rain; cured alfalfa (hay), moldy or frozen mangles will also pro- 
duce bloating; the above-mentioned foods undergo a process of 
fermentation which causes excessive formation of gas, and death 
may result very quickly. Death may be due to rupture of the stomach 
or the diaphragm (muscle separating the abdominal and lung cav- 
ities), but is more often due to suffocation caused by distention of 
the stomach, which becomes so large that it pushes the diaphragm 
forward against the lungs in such manner as to stop their move- 
ment and the animal smothers. When the cow falls it indicates that 
one of these possibilities has occurred and death follows quickly. 

SYMPTOMS. Cattle usually bloat suddenly and without warn- 
ing; the left flank becomes abnormally swollen; back is arched, 
breathing labored; sometimes the tongue hangs out and the animal 
bellows. When rupture or suffocation occurs, the animal reels, 
staggers, and falls, after which nothing more can be done. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Anti Cow Rloat Capsules as 
directed upon the package; in extremely bad cases it is well to gag 
the animal by placing a piece of wood about two inches thick across 
the mouth like a bit and tying it in place with a rope passed over 
the crown of the head. 

NOTE. We would emphasize the fact that since death from 
bloating occurs so quickly, this remedy should always be at hand 
and have a prominent place in every stockman's medicine case. 

Cough (Acute and Chronic) 

A cough is a symptom of various diseases, which in addition to 
the cough, must be treated. 

KINDS OF COUGHS. Many writers give several different 
varieties, but for the sake of convenience, I divide them into two 
forms, namely, Acute and Chronic. 



66 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

CAUSE. Acute coughs are generally due to sudden exposure to 
cold, drafts; coughs are the forerunning symptoms of diseases of 
the organs of breathing. 

Chronic coughs are associated and often a result of sore throat, 
lung fever, pleurisy, bronchitis, and catarrh. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy as often 
as necessary, and do not expose the animal to sudden changes of 
temperature or inclement weather. 



Calving 



Signs of normal calving are, firmness and enlargement of the 
udder, extending well forward following the milk veins. The teats 
as a rule discharge a thin milky fluid, relaxation of the muscles on 
each side of the crop or the base of the tail. The outer surface of 
the womb becomes swollen and inflamed, discharging sticky, stringy, 
transparent mucous. The cow becomes uneasy, stops eating and 
if in a pasture becomes separated from the rest of the herd; will 
lie down and get up alternately as if in great agony. When birth 
pains start, the back is arched, and a severe straining follows by 
the contraction of the abdominal muscles. The membranes cover- 
ing the fetus will be the first to make their appearance, engorged 
with a fluid from the womb. This is commonly known as the 
water bag, which eventually bursts and the two fore-feet can be 
seen, and, as the animal continues to strain, the nose and head will 
next be seen. When the calf's shoulders are exposed, the cow 
as a rule rises suddenly to her feet and the entire calf is ex- 
pelled, also, the membranes surrounding it, but the membranes 
next to the womb as a general rule remains longer and sometimes 
requires artificial assistance to remove it. (See Retention of the 
Afterbirth.) Destroy the fetal membranes by burning or burying 
them deeply. Do not permit the cow to eat them. Wash the calf's 
navel with Dr. Korinek's Dip one part to 70 parts of water once or 
twice a day until the navel is thoroughly dry, as an infection may 
follow, producing joint ill or scours, from which death may result. 

ABNORMAL CALVING. This is a condition where the fetus is 
not normally presented, as that just described. The feet may be 
presented in a normal manner, but the head and neck twisted back or 
to one side, or the head and one fore-foot may be presented nor- 
mally, while the other fore-foot is doubled back, or there may be 
a breach presentation, as the rump of a fetus with both hind feet 
thrown close to its body. This is a very difficult presentation, 
especially if in a young animal. A fetus abnormally presented re- 
quires good judgment and cleanliness, also lubrication of the walls of 
the womb with unsalted lard, cotton or sweet oil. Endeavor to place 
the fetus in as near a normal position as possible before any force is 
used in its delivery, although where both hind feet are presented. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 67 

it is advisable to remove it in this position. The hands and ropes 
should be clean and washed with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant 
one to 50 of warm water. It is not only dangerous to the animal, but 
to the operator as well, if proper antiseptic precautions are not 
practiced. 

Space does not permit me going into details on various fetal 
presentations nor does it permit me to explain the exact methods 
or operations I would use in each particular case. Nevertheless, 
good judgment and cleanliness are important. Do not hurry. Take 
your time, and you will be successful in most cases. 

When the fetus is removed and the afterbirth does not come 
away within twelve or eighteen hours, remove it. (See Retention 
of Afterbirth, which will describe its means of attachment and its 
removal.) 

Cataract 

Destruction of the lens of the organ of vision, and seldom 
occurs in cows. The blindness may be partial or complete. 

CAUSE. Opthalmia is the forerunner of this disorder, or it 
may be due to injury. 

SYMPTOMS. If the pupil of one eye appears larger than the 
other, it is well to make a careful examination, as this is one of 
the first signs of a Cataract; this is followed by partial or complete 
blindness and white pearly deposit in the lens of the eye. 

TREATMENT. Very little, if anything, can be done. Bene- 
ficial results are obtained by using Dr. Korinek's Eye Remedy as 
directed. 

Catarrh 

Not a very serious disorder in itself, but if neglected, may 
terminate in Lung Fever or Bronchitis. 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold and wet weather; usually comes on 
in the spring or fall. 

SYMPTOMS. Sneezing, coughing, dullness and at times loss of 
appetite; nostrils dry and very much reddened in the first stages, 
but after the fever breaks, a profuse discharge is observed. 

TREATMENT. Place the cow in a dry, well-ventilated box 
stall, blanket well and give her plenty of bedding. Give Dr. Kor- 
inek's Distemper Remedy, one tablespoonful every three hours, or 
in extreme cases, every two hours; inhalations of steam from boiling- 
hot water and turpentine are beneficial. Dr. Korinek's Kow Kon- 
ditioner will aid recovery and quickly restore the normal supply 
of milk. 




PRIZE WINNING MILCH COW 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 69 

Cow Pox 

A germ disease affecting the skin of the udder. 

CAUSE. Disease is usually transmitted from one cow to an- 
other by the hands of the milker. 

SYMPTOMS. Slight fever; udder and teats are red, swollen and 
tender. After three or four days, small pimples or pustules will 
appear about the size of a pea on the teats; these spots become larger 
and within a few days may be an inch in diameter. At the end of 
the second week the pimples burst, discharging an amber-colored 
fluid, and leaving raw sores, which cause the animal to suffer in- 
tensely when being milked. The supply of milk is also markedly 
decreased. 

PREVENTION. The same person should not milk both the 
healthy and the diseased cows unless the hands are thoroughly 
washed in a carbolic acid solution and clothes changed that are 
likely to come in contact with the disease, as coat sleeves, etc. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules, and 
apply Zinc Oxide Ointment to the udder, as directed; this affords 
immediate relief and the sores heal rapidly. Dr. Korinek's Kow 
Konditioner will soon restore the health of the cow and the normal 
supply of milk. 

Calf Scours 
(White Scours in Calves, or Calf Cholera) 

CAUSE. A specific germ, peculiar to the newly-born calf; 
often times associated with Navel-Ill, becoming infected through 
the umbilicus. 

SYMPTOMS. Usually appears from the first to the third day 
after birth though it may come later; every symptom of diarrhoea; 
passages yellowish-white in color, foamy and very offensive to 
smell. Animal is dull and weak; back arched; hair dull looking; 
violent straining; discharge of mucous from the nose, muzzle is 
hot and dry. Calves lose flesh very rapidly and die in a short time 
if not given special care and treatment. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
Remedy as directed, and disinfect the barn to prevent the spread of 
the disease. Dr. Korinek's Dip, one tablespoonful to a gallon of 
water is excellent for this purpose. 

Ordinary Diarrhoea, Bloody Flux, and Dysentery are also 
treated successfully with Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
Remedy. 



70 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Choking • 

CAUSE. A blocking of the oesophagus (gullet) caused by the 
animal attempting to swallow apples, potatoes, roots, dry grain, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Stringy discharge of saliva from the mouth; vio- 
lent coughing, wrenching of the head and neck. The animal will 
bloat very quickly if the passage is completely obstructed, because 
it is through this channel that, in health, gasses escape from the 
stomach of a cow. 

TREATMENT. Locate the obstruction as quickly as possible 
and if within reach, insert the hand and extract the object. Do 
not attempt, except as a last resort, to push the object down into the 
stomach, as there is great danger of rupturing the gullet. Try 
rather by gentle manipulation on the outside to push the object 
upward; if this fail, call in a good veterinarian, as experiments are 
likely to prove expensive to the owner. 

Colic 

CAUSE. This disorder is uncommon in cattle that are not 
worked. Oxen were much subject to it through drinking unlimited 
quantities of water when in an overheated condition. 

SYMPTOMS. Kicking or raising the feet to the belly; alternate 
lying down and getting up; distention of the abdomen, stomach or 
paunch with gasses, chills, etc. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsule or Dr. Kor- 
inek's Anti-Cow-Bloat Capsules, as directed. 

Goal Oil Poisoning 

Coil-oil is an old-fashioned remedy that is only used in the 
absence of something better. It is unsatisfactory and even danger- 
ous, as an over-dose often results in poisoning. 

SYMPTOMS. Owing to the irritating effect upon the stomach, 
there is an abnormal flow of stringy saliva from the mouth, loose- 
ness of the bowels, loss of appetite, watery discharge from the nose 
and eyes and sometimes convulsions and death, if a large enough 
dose has been given. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules morn- 
ing, noon and night; feed easily-digested food and allow plenty of 
cold water. 

Casting the Withers (Eversion of the Womb) 

CAUSE. Weakness or relaxation of the organ and failure to 
contract after calving. The womb should contract immediately 
after the placenta (afterbirth) comes awav. 



diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 71 

SYMPTOMS, a large red-colored mass protrudes from the 
vulva with numerous small mushroom-like bodies (Cotyledons). 
Animal may lie or stand; when lying, there is danger of the womb 
becoming lacerated or covered with dirt. 

TREATMENT. This condition is best avoided by feeding Dr. 
Korinek's Kow Konditioner during pregnancy, which will invigorate 
the generative organs and insure normal calving. 

Great care is necessary in returning the womb to place. First 
wash the entire surface with a solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip (one 
tablespoonful to a gallon of warm water) and place the cow in such 
a position that the head will be lower than the hind quarters; then, 
supporting the womb with one hand, and manipulating with the 
other, gradually push the organ back into place. Do not try to 
force it all back at one time; the work should be done slowly and 
well and may take some time. Having replaced it, insert the hand 
to make sure it is in proper position. If the cow continues to 
strain and attempts to force it out, keep her standing with her hind 
quarters elevated and wash out the uterus once daily with Dr. 
Korinek's Dip (same proportion as above). Feed Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner; it will put tone into the generative organs and 
restore the full supply of milk in a very short time. 

Chronic Diarrhoea 
(Chronic Bacterial Dysenteria) 

This disease is peculiar to cattle and is characterized by 
diarrhoea, rapid loss of flesh, and is incurable. 

CAUSE. A bacterium which invades the small intestines; may 
be picked up in the drinking water or while grazing on infected 
pastures. 

SYMPTOMS. Diarrhoea, appetite is normal but the movements 
of the bowels varies according to the nature of the food eaten; rapid 
loss of flesh regardless of the quality of food. 

PREVENTION. Destroy diseased animals and disinfect barn, 
barn-yards, etc.; do not allow healthy cattle to graze on infected 
pastures. 

TREATMENT. Thus far no treatment has proven effective. 



Chapped Teats 



CAUSE. Anything that tends to irritate them. A sudden chill- 
ing of the teat in cold weather, after the calf has just let it go or 
after the operation of milking with wet hands or from an animal 
wading through deep water or tall wet grass. Also filth or irritants 
coming in contact with teats when lying down. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause if possible and dry the teats 
well after each milking and apply Zinc Oxide Ointment. Feed laxa- 
tive food that is easily digested, as it has a very good affect on the 
blood, consequently it promotes the healing of wounds. 



72 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry- 

Diarrhoea 

CAUSE. An abnormally frequent and watery movement of the 
bowels due to overdosing with physics, irritants, poor food, intes- 
tinal worms, indigestion, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Frequent discharge of a thin and watery nature 
from the bowels, the movements are attended with great pain and 
sometimes streaked with blood; loss of appetite not unusual. 

TREATMENT. If the disorder is caused by indigestion, poor 
food or poisons, give Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsule, but if due to a 
severe physic give Dr. Korinek's Diarrhoea Capsules as directed on 
package; followed in either case with Dr. Korinek's Kow Kondi- 
tioner, which will tone up the digestive organs. When treating for 
Diarrhoea, do not allow too much water at any time. For calves use 
Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera Remedy. 



Garget 



A congested condition of the udder, common in heavy milkers. 

CAUSE. Not always easy to determine; may be due to injury 
of the udder, or lying on cold, damp ground, etc., in heavy milk 
cows before or following calving. 

SYMPTOMS. Some parts of the udder may be swollen; milk 
is thin and watery and may be tinged with blood, and later becomes 
charged with small clots or cheese-like particles which are forced 
out during the milking process. 

TREATMENT. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules, -and 
use Dr. Korinek's Milk Fever and Garget Apparatus as directed. 
Give two tablespoonfuls of Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner three 
times daily, and feed soft, sloppy food. 

Dislocation of the Eyeball 

This rarely occurs in cattle. It may, however, follow a blow 
or kick from a horse. The muscle holding the eyeball in place is 
ruptured and the eyeball forced from its socket. 

TREATMENT. If the injury has not been neglected, and the 
eye is still warm, it may be replaced, cutting the lid at the outer 
corner if necessary, to return the eyeball to place, and taking a 
stitch where the incision has been made. The eye should then be 
bandaged to hold it in position. If it should be necessary to remove 
the eyeball, a veterinarian should be employed to perform the 
operation. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 73 

Dehorning 

Dehorning is not considered a cruelty, for horns on cattle do 
not add to their comfort and lessens the owner's risk. It is much 
better, safer and, I think, more humane to prevent the growth of 
horns on calves after they are three or four days old by rubbing 
the elevations where the horns make their appearance with a pencil 
of caustic potash after being moistened with cold water. Repeat this 
application two or three times, which is generally sufficient. 

When dehorning cattle with clippers or saw, it is well to remove 
about one-half inch of the flesh of the horn. This gives their head 
a much better appearance after the horns are removed and healed. 
When a horn is freshly amputated, apply oil of tar occasionally, 
as it is an antiseptic and prevents infection and the annoyance of 
flies. However, this should be performed during the season when 
the flies are less numerous. 



Drenching 



This consists of pouring a dose of liquid medicine down the 
throat of an animal. 

Drenching would be bad enough if the animal were well, but 
it is extremely dangerous when an animal is sick and in pain. To 
prevent the medicine from escaping from the mouth, the head is 
raised high in the air, in which position, and with the mouth open, 
it is almost impossible for the animal to swallow, and the medicine 
is apt to enter the windpipe and lungs, resulting in lung fever; 
drenching, in fact, is as bad and perhaps more dangerous than the 
disease. 

Gapsulize Your Cattle 

Dr. Korinek's Capsules are easily given and cause no bad after- 
effects. The animal gets the entire dose and without unnecessary 
irritation. 

Dropsy 

A collection of watery fluid in the abdominal cavity or else- 
where. 

CAUSE. Usually due to old age or poor food. In calves it is 
sometimes due to the presence of worms which, through stimulation, 
may cause excessive secretion of digestive fluid (chyle), resulting 
in Dropsy. 

SYMPTOMS. Abdomen becomes abnormally large, especially 
underneath; the flanks sink in. The animal has poor appetite and 
walks with a weak, staggering gait; the mucous membrane of the 
mouth, nose and eyes is pale and bloodless. 

TREATMENT. The cause should first be determined and the 
disease treated accordingly. If due to worms, give one of Dr. Kor- 
inek's Worm Capsules. If caused by lack of nourishment, improve 
the quality of the food, give bran mash containing a cup of 
oil-meal daily, and Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner in large doses. 



74 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Eczema 

A non-contagious disease of the skin common to cattle and 
characterized by red and inflamed condition of the skin. 

CAUSE. Due to feeding on decayed vegetation and lying on 
wet and unsanitary bedding, or by application of irritating drugs 
to the skin. 

SYMPTOMS. Redness and scratching of the affected part, 
which is usually confined to a small area. Inflammatory stage is 
followed by eruptions and a glutinous discharge, terminating in 
scabs and a thickening of the skin. 

TREATMENT. Determine the cause and remove. If due to 
poor food, improve the quality; feed laxative food, and a hot bran 
mash occasionally; if the bowels seem inactive, give one of Dr. 
Korinek's Physic Capsules. Allay itching by applying Zinc Oxide 
Ointment, and feed Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner, which will 
purify the blood and restore normal tone. 

Ergot Poison (Ergotism) 

CAUSE. Ergotism is produced by cattle eating fungoid growths 
which attack kernels and seeds of rye and blue grass, etc. These 
kernels or seeds grow dark in color and become abnormally large 
and curved in shape. The infected grass or hay when eaten by 
cattle contract the arteries, especially those of the legs, just above 
the feet, although all the arteries in the body are contracted to a 
certain extent. This disease is frequently seen in spring and summer. 

SYMPTOMS. Ergot is prescribed in cases of bleeding, because 
of its contracting effect upon the arteries (closing or stopping the 
flow of blood) where the blood supply is the weakest, as in the 
extremeties. It is cut off and this, of course, causes the skin just 
above the hoofs to break or crack as though it w r ere cut with a knife. 
This shuts off the entire supply of blood to the foot, which mumifies 
and the lower portion becomes gangrenous and eventually sluffs 
off. One of the first affects of ergot poison in pregnant cattle is 
abortion, due to the blood supply to the wound being shut off by its 
contracting effect on the arteries. Cattle are particularly suscept- 
ible to ergotism. 

TREATMENT. When ergotism is so advanced as to produce 
sluffing of the feet, it is best to destroy the animal. If other animals 
are affected slightly, find out the cause and remove it. Look to 
the hay or pasture as the producer. Administer one-half ounce 
of Chloral Hydrate two or three times a day in their drinking water 
or mix it with sufficient quantity of flaxseed meal to fill an ounce 
gelatin capsule and give with capsule gun. If the skin is slightly 
broken above the foot, wash with five per cent, solution of Car- 
bolic Acid. Where the feet have become gangrenous, amputation 
of the foot or feet is necessary, which is not advisable unless the 
animal is very valuable. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 75 

Feeds and Feeding 

Food contains water, ash, protein, crude fiber, carbohydrates, 
and ether extract or fat. These must be given in correct proportions 
in order to get the desired food value. If, for instance, the food 
allowance contain too much crude fiber, such as straw, stalks, etc., 
indigestion will result; if the ration contains an undue proportion 
of concentrated food, the bowels become sluggish and fail to per- 
form their duties and in either case the result will be anything but 
profitable. 

A cow should have at least 25 pounds of dry matter or ruffage 
every day and to get the best results, the concentrated food should 
be given between feeds of the dry matter. In addition to this the 
cow must have plenty of pure water at all times. If it is necessary at 
any time to change the feed, it should be done gradually to avoid 
creating digestive disorders, founder, etc. 

The digestive organs of the pregnant cow are inclined to be 
sluggish, and her food should be of a laxative nature to keep the 
bowels open. Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner is an excellent regu- 
lator and fed in small quantities will keep the cow in good condition 
at little cost. 

Founder (Laminitis) 

CAUSE. Inflammation of the internal or sensitive structure of 
the foot due to overfeeding, overheating, standing on concrete or 
stony floors without exercise, and sometimes due to injury to the 
feet. 

SYMPTOMS. Feet hot and tender; fever, temperature 104-105" 
F.; breathing very rapid; appetite remains good. Animal lies down 
most of the time and if made to walk, does so with great difficulty. 
One foot or all four feet may be affected. Founder in a cow reduces 
the secretion of milk. 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules im- 
mediately followed by one of Dr. Korinek's Kidney Capsules morn- 
ing, noon and night. Stand the animal in a running stream of cold 
water if possible, or put cold packs to the feet to relieve congestion 
and reduce inflammation of the parts. Feed Dr. Korinek's Kow 
Konditioner to restore the normal flow of milk and perfect digestion. 

Fluke in the Liver and Lungs 

CAUSE. This disease is contracted by cattle grazing on marshy 
lands. There are two different species of fluke that affect the liver 
and lungs of cattle. They are both flat, leaf-like worms. The com- 
mon liver fluke is about one-half inch long, while the so-called 
American fluke is somewhat larger. In their life history these flukes 
depend on snails as intermediate hosts. At a certain stage of develop- 
ment the young flukes live on snails. They become encysted on stalks 
and blades of grass which are finally swallowed by grazing cattle. 
This disease is most frequently seen in young cattle. 



76 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. The animal shows no marked signs at first, but 
eventually the appetite diminishes, rumination or chewing of the 
cud becomes irregular, the animal becomes dull, hide-bound, hair 
standing or staring, the visible mucous membranes of the mouth 
and eyes become pale and bloodless, the eyes discharge watery 
fluids, oozing down the face, temperature varying from two to three 
degrees above normal and milk supply, if in aged cattle, remark- 
ably reduced. In all cases there is great thirst and the animal be- 
comes very much emaciated and refuses to eat. Swellings about 
the belly and breast, etc. Diarrhoea at first, alternating with con- 
stipation, but finally becomes continuous. The diseased animal 
succumbs to the malady in from two to six months. 

TREATMENT. Medical treatment is unsatisfactory. The dis- 
ease will be prevented to a considerable extent by giving animals 
plenty of salt and in the marshes containing pools of water intro- 
duce or plant carp, frogs and toads into the infected tracts. These 
animals destroy the young parasites and feed upon the snails, which 
serve as their intermediate hosts. Or, prevent the cattle from 
grazing upon swampy marshes by fencing them out. 



How to Care for the Calf 

One of the most important factors in raising good, strong, 
healthy cattle, is caring for the calves when young. In days gone 
by the average stockman was satisfied if he managed to keep the 
calves alive until green grass came. This lack of feed and care 
resulted in a stunted frame and weak digestive system which brought 
little profit to the owner. That the calves well repay the little extra 
cost and care is evidenced by the splendid condition of the dairy 
cows and the large quantity of milk yielded and the large frame 
which in beef cattle allows the animal to put on flesh and weight. 



Hollow Horn (So-called) 

The horns of cattle are normally hollow, although the core 
extends well into the horn. This, however, is merely a prolonga- 
tion of the frontal bone which affords a point of attachment for 
the horn. A case once came to the notice of the writer in which a 
so-called "horse doctor" when called to attend a sick cow, diagnosed 
the disease as "Hollow Horn," and drilled several holes into the 
horns; unfortunately the gimlet broke, a piece of it falling into the 
frontal sinuse (a cavity of the head containing air), causing in- 
flammation and death. The cow therefore died from the treatment 
and not from the disease. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

How to Give Dr. Korinek's Capsules 



77 



Insert the thumb and forefinger of the left hand into the nostrils 
of the animal, holding the head firmly; then with the Capsule Gun 
in the right hand and grasping it with firmness, insert it in the 
side of the mouth; when the mouth is well open, push the Capsule 
Gun far back on the tongue and press the little plunger and the 
animal will swallow the capsule. With the aid of Dr. Korinek's 
Capsule Gun, one man can usually induce the most vicious animal 
to swallow medicines. It may be necessary in some cases to place 
the animal in stanchions. By all means avoid drenching. 




Hard Milkers 



CAUSE. Due to contraction of the little sphincter muscle at the 
opening of the milk duct. Many an otherwise valuable animal is 
disposed of because of this defect. 

TREATMENT. Write to the Korinek Remedy Company for 
method of treatment. 



Inflammation of the Eye (Conjunctivitis) 

Inflammation o/ the membrane of the eyeball and the lid. 

CAUSE. Injury, weakness, irritating gases, foreign bodies, such 
as chaff in the eye, standing in dark and poorly-ventilated stables. 

SYMPTOMS. A constant flow of tears runs from the eye which 
is inflamed and partly or completely closed. The lining membranes 
are very red (blood-shot). 

TREATMENT. If due to foreign bodies, remove at once; in 
order to accomplish this the animal must be placed in stanchions, 
the neck twisted, and the eyelid turned back. Do not throw burnt 
alum in the eye; this will only make the condition worse. Apply 
Dr. Korinek's Eye Remedy as directed. 



78 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Inflammation of the Kidneys 

CAUSE. Injuries in the region of the kidneys, sometimes 
caused by cows riding each other. Also due to irritating medicines, 
poisonous plants, drinking stagnant water, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Animal urinates often and in small quantities; 
hind legs spread out; breathing hurried, and in severe cases the 
temperature may be two or three degrees above normal. There 
may be swelling over the loins and as the disease progresses, the 
animal grows weaker and finally dies. Fortunately this disease is 
not common among oxen. 

Inflammation of the Penis 

CAUSE. Injuries received from snags, walking through the 
underbrush, jumping fences, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Arched back, swelling of the sheath and in some 
cases a discharge. It may be serious enough to affect the appetite 
and cause fever. 

TREATMENT. Wash out the sheath three times daily witn a 
solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip, one tablespoonful to a gallon of warm 
water (an instrument may be made for this purpose with a piece 
of hose and a funnel). After injecting, hold the opening tightly for 
a few minutes before allowing the liquid to escape. Repeat this 
treatment two or three times daily. Feed Dr. Korinek's Kow Kon- 
ditioner and laxative food. 



Inflammation of the Womb (Metritis) 

CAUSE. Inflammation of the lining of the womb is usually 
due to difficult labor, where the hands and instruments have been 
used; may result from a bruise received during the operation or 
from unclean hands or instruments — the veterinarian may cause the 
trouble if his instruments are not sterilized. Retention of the after- 
birth if neglected may also cause inflammation of the womb. 

SYMPTOMS. Signs of fever three or four days after calving; 
chills, arched back, stiffness of the hind parts, legs, ears and horns 
cold, nose dry and hot, grinding of the teeth indicating great pain, 
temperature two or three degrees above normal (104-105° F. by 
an ordinary clinical thermometer). The cow stands still, ceases 
to chew her cud, and the secretion of milk is below normal. In a 
very short time a discharge from the womb is observed, watery 
and colorless at first, but which soon becomes thick and yellow and 
tinged with blood, showing that the lining of the womb is sluffing 
and being passed out; this discharge has a very offensive odor. The 
cow's condition is serious, requiring the best of care or she may die. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 79 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules as 
soon as possible and flush the womb thoroughly with a solution of 
Dr. Korinek's Dip, one tablespoonful in a gallon of warm water 
(refer to cut showing how to give a uterine injection) three times 
daily for three or four days, after which twice a day is sufficient; 
continue until the discharge disappears. Dr. Korinek's Kow Kon- 
ditioner should be given in doses of two tablespoonfuls three times 
daily; this will restore the milk supply quickly and put her in fine 
condition. 

Inflammation of the Heart Sack (Pericarditis) 

CAUSE. Cattle being ruminants, therefore, not masticating 
their food finely before swallowing, consequently foreign bodies, 
such as nails, wire, etc., are picked up with the food and taken into 
the rumen or paunch. These sharp objects penetrate the walls of 
the paunch, rumen or first stomach and diaphragm the membrane 
or sack surrounding the heart, which produces an inflammation of 
the heart sack, or pericardium. 

SYMPTOMS. Symptoms develop very slowly or indications of 
indigestion will be present as the appetite is variable, temperature 
elevated, breath labored, the animal avoids walking down hill as it 
causes them pain from the stomach and intestines pressing the lungs 
against the heart. The symptoms, however, are so slight that they 
may easily escape the notice of a casual observer. The animal event- 
ually becomes poor, emaciated and dies. If you open the heart sack 
it will be found full of watery pus. 

TREATMENT. Unsuccessful as this disease is seldom diagnosed 
correctly and if it was, an operation would be necessary, and this 
does not prove successful in the majority of cases. 



Inflammation of the Bag (Mammitis) 

CAUSE. Lying on the cold ground or concrete floors which 
chill the bag; injury to the bag by a kick or blow; also quite com- 
mon in heavy milkers a day or two after calving. 

SYMPTOMS. Chills, fever; ears, horns and legs are cold; bag 
is much enlarged and hard, red, and very tender to the touch; milk 
watery and nearly colorless at first, but later becomes tinged with 
blood and pus and has a fetid odor. This condition may affect all, 
or only one-quarter of the udder. 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules; 
feed soft, easily-digested food and give plenty of cold water to 
drink. Purchase Dr. Korinek's Milk Fever and Garget Apparatus 
and follow directions closely; also apply Zinc Oxide Ointment to 
udder. Give Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner as recommended. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 81 

Infectious Abortion (Contagious Abortion) 

This is a specific infectious disease caused by the Bacillus 
Abortus resulting in expulsion of fetus (premature calf). Infec- 
tious Abortion ranks second to Tuberculosis, from an economic 
standpoint, and in some localities supercedes Tuberculosis in its 
ravages. Not only the result of losing the calves, but a great shrink- 
age in the production of milk and failure to breed for several months 
and sometimes forever. It is common in both range and dairy 
cattle; the loss yearly reaches millions and is almost inestimable. 

INFECTION. Infection or the introduction of Bacillus Abortus 
may be caused in various ways, but is usually introduced during 
copulation with the bull or importation of new stock into the herd. 
Although the infection may gain entrance through the digestive or- 
gans, or by rubbing the external genitals on rubbing posts or objects 
harboring the germs, but the usual means by which the disease 
spreads is by the herd bull. 

SYMPTOMS. Period of incubation varies and is too irregular 
to base on a given time, some cases being more chronic than others 
or the animal affected withstands a more severe test or resistance 
against the invading germs. Two or three days before expulsion of 
fetus we notice signs of making bag. External genitals become red- 
dened and swollen and sometimes small nodules imbed themselves 
upon the surface of the vulva, indicating great inflammation. A 
mucoid discharge is quite noticeable; sometimes it may have the 
appearance of pus, but as a rule it is odorless. The disease is 
much plainer in heifers than in older cows. Heifers will be seen 
making bag about the fifth or seventh month, in an older cow, of 
course, symptoms of calving are not so well marked. 

Cattle affected with infectious abortion usually carry their 
calves from five to seven months, although it may occur in earlier 
months of gestation and the fetus and membranes are expelled 
unnoticed, which causes no systematic disturDance of a cow, but 
if the fetus is carried until later months of gestation, the afterbirth 
is usually retained or does not come away with the fetus. The 
fetus is usually dead and if born alive is puny and dies soon. 

After abortion has occurred, a dirty yellowish discharge con- 
taining pus persists for several days and if the afterbirth is not 
removed in due time may result in inflammation of the womb and 
blood poisoning. After a cow has once had infectious abortion, 
she may be served by the bull several times before she will conceive 
and in some instances may never breed. 

PREVENTION. Where the disease exists, change the uninfected 
cattle to new sanitary quarters or premises, keeping the diseased 
cows by themselves, or in a separate stable from the healthy ones. 
Each herd should have its own attendant, or one person should noi 
take care of both the diseased and healthy stock. When any of 
the cows develop symptoms of abortion they should be treated with 



82 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

suspicion and removed from the healthy cows at once. After abor- 
tion has occurred, the fetus and membranes should be burned or 
buried deeply and covered with lime. 

If, on the other hand, the afterbirth is retained, feed two table- 
spoonfuls of Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner in hot bran mash twice 
daily. This will hasten its expulsion. After the afterbirth is re- 
moved, flush out the womb with Dr. Korinek's Dip (one tablespoon- 
ful dip to one gallon warm water) and repeat as often as is neces- 
sary, or until the discharge has been completely controlled. Do not 
breed cows for at least two months after abortion has taken place. 
A cow that has discharge from the womb resulting from infectious 
abortion, should never be bred, because of her infecting the bull 
and passing the infection on to other cattle which the bull may 
serve. 

The preventative treatment of the bull when affected with 
infectious abortion consists of syringing out the sheath and washing 
the surface around the sheath with a solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip 
(one tablespoonful dip to a gallon warm water) three or four times 
daily, or as often as is necessary, and when the bull is used for 
service he should be treated before and after service. This will be 
necessary where infectious abortion has once existed to keep from 
further spreading the dreaded disease. 

TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS ABORTION. 

Consult the Consultation Department of KORINEK REMEDY 
COMPANY. 

Loss of Appetite (Anorexia) 

CAUSE. This condition cannot always be traced to a definite 
cause, but is usually due to poor food or weakness of the digestive 
organs. 

SYMPTOMS. Variable appetite; overeats one day and refuses 
food the next; licking the ground; eating manure, etc. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsule and follow 
with Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner; this will improve the general 
health and restore the appetite. Feed good rich food and plenty 
of salt. 

Loss of Cud (So-called) 

So-called Loss of Cud is merely a cessation of rumination which 
invariably accompanies loss of appetite in cattle. Consequently one 
of the first noticeable symptoms in disease of any kind, is that the 
cow stops chewing her cud, and it is useless to attempt to restore it 
by giving artificial cuds. When the animal regains her health, the 
process of rumination is resumed. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 83 

Leeches; Blood-Suckers 

Leeches which suck blood of cattle are sometimes taken up by 
cattle when drinking water from ponds, etc. The leeches attach 
themselves to the inner surface of the mouth or nose, and some- 
times reach the upper part of windpipe or the gullet. Bleeding at 
the mouth or nose may be noticed, the membranes where the leeches 
attach themselves become congested and swollen, and as a result 
of the loss of blood an anaemic condition follows. 

TREATMENT. If the worm can be reached it is easily de- 
stroyed by cutting it in two with a pair of scissors or it may be 
removed with a pair of forceps or with the fingers after wrapping 
a piece of cloth around them so as to prevent them from slipping. 

Steam from boiling hot water containing pine tar or oil of 
turpentine may cause worms to release their hold if they cannot 
be removed by other means. In ponds where leeches are numerous, 
eels should be introduced as they feed upon blood-suckers of this 
species. 

Loss of Cud, or Indigestion 

Loss of cud is not a disease in itself but is one of the first 
signs of indisposition. Indigestion is usually mistaken for this 
condition, and some stockmen still believe that a cow really loses 
her cud and that if she could be induced to chew a handful of hay, 
she would soon be well again. This is not the case however; the 
cow is sick, probably from indigestion, and she will not eat until 
the cause of the trouble is found and removed. 

Indigestion is a weakened state of the organs of assimilation 
which become sluggish and incapable of digesting the food. 

CAUSE. Overfeeding; too much bulky or indigestible food, 
or too dry with insufficient amount of water; moldy forage, frozen 
roots, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Animal stands quietly and does not chew her 
cud; the hair is rough; the nose dry, indicating fever; breathing 
is usually faster than normal, with perhaps a slight grunt. The 
secretion of milk is suddenly diminished, and if the hand is pressed 
in the region of the flank and quickly removed, a marked depres- 
sion or pit will remain which shows that the paunch is full of 
undigested food. 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules at 
once, and follow with one of Dr. Korinek's Colic Capsules morning, 
noon, and night until well; the latter is a stimulant and will assist 
the action of the physic. In addition to the above treatment see 
that the cow is blanketed and her surroundings clean and com- 
fortable. 

After treatment give Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner in large 
doses as directed upon the can; this will bring back the flow of 
milk quickly and prevent further derangements. 



84 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Lung Fever (Pneumonia) 

Inflammation of the lungs may affect one or both sides. 

CAUSE. Due to exposure when warm; drenching with irri- 
tating medicines when the drench enters the lungs; inhaling smoke, 
gases, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Unlike the horse, cattle will lie down when suf- 
fering from lung fever. Appetite is impaired; breathing quick and 
shallow; fever high, temperature 105-106 F.; nostrils dilated; nose 
hot and dry; tongue sometimes hangs out; the elbows are spread to 
give room to the lungs; breathing causes extreme pain. 

In the second stage of the malady, the temperature drops two 
or three degrees, breathing becomes more painful, milk and all 
other secretions are suppressed; legs, ears, horns and tail are cold, 
and if the ear is placed to the side of the chest, a wheezing sound 
is heard. If the lungs could be examined at this stage they would 
prove to be hepatized, or resembling in substance the liver. 

In the third stage the animal shows signs of improvement. The 
appetite returns, cough becomes loose, and a healthy discharge 
flows from the nostrils. 

TREATMENT. Place the animal in dry, comfortable quarters; 
plenty of fresh air but no drafts. Give Dr. Korinek's Distemper 
Remedy, one tablespoonful every two hours until relieved, then 
give as often as necessary; if the fever is high, Dr. Korinek's Fever 
Capsule should be given. Inhalations of medicated steam is also 
beneficial, using two tablespoonfuls of turpentine to five gallons of 
boiling water. Supply plenty of fresh water and feed laxative food, 
such as bran mash; these should be boiled and allowed to cool till 
about the same temperature as the body. Dr. Korinek's Kow Kon- 
ditioner will materially hasten recovery. 

Laceration of the Eyelid 

CAUSE. Eyelid may be torn on the manger, rubbing-post, wire 
fences, etc. 

TREATMENT. If torn, it may be necessary to take a few 
stitches in the wound, first washing thoroughly with Dr. Korinek's 
Dip, one teaspoonful in a pint of warm water, being careful not 
to get the solution in the eye. If stitches have been taken, they 
should be removed after the parts have united, and the eye kept 
clean. 



Measley Beef 



Is produced by a larva of common tapeworm of man. These 
small tapeworm cysts (taenia saginata) are about the size of a pea 
and found in the flesh of cattle, which become infested by eating 
food or drinking water which has been contaminated by the feces 
of persons harboring adult tapeworms. Then again, the person 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 85 

becomes infested by eating rare flesh of cattle infested with 
the larva stage of measley beef. Great care should be exercised 
to prevent cattle from becoming infested with this parasite, as 
person's feces should not be placed where they will infect food 
or drinking water that is consumed by cattle. 

Milk Fever (Parturient Apoplexy) 

A disease peculiar to cows and follows calving, heavy milking 
cows being most susceptible to it. 

CAUSE. Keeping the cow in a poorly-ventilated stable and 
at the same time feeding too well. 

SYMPTOMS. A day or two after calving, a sudden dullness 
and languor is noticed; an uneasy movement of the hind legs and 
tail; the cow droops her head and hangs back in the stall; if made 
to walk she steps uneasily or staggers; pays no attention to her 
calf.' She finally becomes so fatigued that she falls and is unable 
to rise; the pupils of the eyes are fully dilated and the membranes 
reddened or congested. The cow may lie on her breast-bone or 
flat upon the side, most likely the former with her head turned 
toward the flank, and has the appearance of being sound asleep; 
the eyeball is not sensitive to the touch of the finger nor will she 
respond to a pin prick on any part of the body; the temperature 
in most cases is subnormal. 

TREATMENT. If the cow is lying flat on the side, prop her 
up on her breast-bone; give her plenty of clean dry bedding, and 
if she is cold, blanket her. Purchase Dr. Korinek's Milk Fever 
Apparatus and follow directions closely; 95 per cent of the cases 
recover with this treatment. 



Navel-Ill 

CAUSE. This disease affects young calves, the germs finding 
entrance through the umbilicus of the newly-born calf; the navel 
at birth being freshly severed and coming in contact with the dirty 
stall or ground, there is every chance of infection. 

SYMPTOMS. There may be swellings of the joints which may 
burst and discharge pus. This condition may not show itself 
until the calf is two or three weeks old. 

PREVENTION. Same as for prevention of White Scours in 
Calves; bathe the umbilicus in equal parts Dr. Korinek's Dip and 
Disinfectant and warm water. (Refer to page on White Scours.) 

TREATMENT. In addition to the above treatment for preven- 
tion, use Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera Remedy as directed 
on can. 



86 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Physiology of Rumination 

The cow when eating hay or grass, merely moistens it with 
saliva and swallows it, when it passes into the rumen or paunch 
which acts as a storehouse for food. After this stomach is filled, 
the cow finds a comfortable place to lie down and regurgitate the 
food in small pellets, chewing it finely. When swallowed the 
second time the food passes into the second stomach for further 
digestion and assimilation. 

It will readily be seen from the above, that the digestive sys- 
tem of the cow is easily deranged, especially from eating too much 
dry feed. 

Paralysis 

May follow calving or Milk Fever and affects both well-fed and 
poorly- fed cattle; quite common just before calving. 

SYMPTOMS. Cow lies down and is unable to rise, although ap- 
parently well in other respects. 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules, and 
use Dr. Korinek's Milk Fever Apparatus in the same manner as for 
Milk Fever. Also give Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner in doses of 
two tablespoonsful, morning, noon, and night; feed hot bran mashes 
and other easily-digested food. It may be necessary to use slings 
to raise the cow to her feet. 

Sore Throat (Laryngitis) 

Inflammation of the membrane lining the larynx or throat. 

CAUSE. Overheating followed by too-rapid cooling; taking 
the animal from a warm stable and driving against a cold wind; 
sudden change of weather. Also caused by drenching with irritat- 
ing medicines or by eating from high mangers, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Coughing; throat may be swollen and the breath- 
ing difficult; head is stretched out and the nose elevated to facilitate 
breathing; usually a discharge from the nose. 

TREATMENT. Give one tablespoonful of Dr. Korinek's Dis- 
temper Remedy three times daily, or in severe cases every three 
hours as directed on the can. Feed soft foods that are easily swal- 
lowed and laxative in nature, such as sloppy bran mash. 

Ringing the Bull 

This should be done before the animal is too large and strong. 
An incision is made in the septum- nasi (partition between the nos- 
trils) with a trocar or knife, and the ring inserted and joined; the 
cut should be made far enough back so the ring will not pull out. 
If a knife is used for the operation, it should be one with a straight 
blade that cannot close on the hand. If the animal is very large 
and strong, he should be placed in a stanchion and securely fastened 
with a rope about the horns or neck, before the operation is 
attempted. 




INTERIOR OF MODERN DAIRY BARN 



88 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Round Worm 

CAUSE. An animal swallowing the eggs of the parasite in food 
or water which has been contaminated with the feces of infected 
cattle. There are two species, the large round worm measuring 
from five to fourteen inches in length, the other small round worms 
varying in size from one-fourth of an inch to two inches in length. 
Both the small and large round worms infest the intestines of cattle 
and calves. These worms, especially small round worms, irritate 
the mucus membrane lining of the intestines, which may cause severe 
inflammation. 

SYMPTOMS. Anemia, appetite variable, diarrhoea, general 
weakness, dullness and excessive thirst; also, a paleness of the 
visible membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. Worms frequently 
pass with the feces and can be readily seen by a close observer. 

PREVENTATIVE TREATMENT. See prevention of Twisted 
Stomach Worm. 

MEDICAL TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and 
Cholera Remedy as directed. 



Rupture (Abdominal Hernia) 

CAUSE. This disease occasionally occurs in calves from re- 
ceiving blows from the cow's horns on the right flank. After such 
an accident a swelling forms near the last rib. This swelling may 
be neither hot nor painful and is soft to the touch. It can be made 
to disappear by careful pressure when the sides of the rupture 
through which it has passed can be felt. On removing the pressure 
the rupture soon regains its swollen appearance. Similar conditions 
may also occur in aged cattle, usually due to injuries, such as being 
kicked by a horse, etc., or due to a weakness of the muscles that 
are ruptured sometimes during difficult birth. 

TREATMENT. Feed the animal on laxative food and feed 
sparingly on bulky food such as hay, straw and grass. Round the 
edges on a block of wood which is a little smaller, but the same 
shape as that of the rupture. After wrapping with cloth, place it 
over the rupture, then place a bandage around the body. This 
permits the ruptured muscles to grow together, providing the ani- 
mal is properly dieted as stated above. 

Sometimes a rupture of long standing or a newly produced 
rupture may be treated by injecting strong solutions of common 
salt around the torn edges of the muscles. This causes swelling and 
inflammation which respectively forces the protruding intestines 
back and closes the opening. There is some danger attached to this 
method of treatment, and if it is attempted, I would secure the 
services of a competent veterinarian. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 89 

Rheumatism 

Constitutional disease due to a specific condition of the blood. 

CAUSE. Exposure to wet or cold. 

SYMPTOMS. Stiffness in gait, variable appetite, constipation, 
great thirst, hair unthrifty looking; passage of urine is scant; the 
cow may have fever and usually lies down the greater part of the 
time. There are two forms of rheumatism, Muscular and Articular; 
the former affects the limbs and other parts of the body, while the 
latter attacks the joints. 

TREATMENT. Place the animal in warm, dry quarters with 
plenty of good clean bedding. Feed easily-digested food and an 
abundance of pure cold water. Give one tablespoonful of Sodium 
Salicylate three times daily, and if the bowels seem sluggish, give 
one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules occasionally. Dr. Korinek's 
Kow Konditioner is an excellent regulator of the bowels for cattle. 

Red Water (Bloody Urine) 

A very common condition among cattle in certain districts where 
pastures are low and poorly drained and sometimes cattle on hilly 
lands are affected. 

CAUSE. Certain kinds of vegetations such as oak shoots, ash, 
hazel, hornbean and other resinous plants. 

SYMPTOMS. In the first stages, the cow appears well except 
for the color of the urine, but soon a loss of flesh is noticeable and 
the production of milk is decreased. The milk may be foamy or 
even tinged with blood. The urine contains no clots of blood but 
is merely red in color. 

TREATMENT. Give two of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules, 
also Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner, two tablespoonsful morning 
and night. Change pasture and feed rich and laxative food. 

Retained Afterbirth 

The womb of the cow contains from eighty to a hundred small 
button-like bodies (colyedons) to which is attached the afterbirth. 
This accounts for the Retention of the Afterbirth being so common 
in cows. 

SYMPTOMS. The afterbirth hangs pendulous from the cow and 
if left for some time has a fetid odor. If the cow is unable to expel 
it, it should be removed at once; if left too long it decomposes and 
there is danger of the system absorbing the poison from the putrid 
matter, causing diminution in the secretion of milk, inflammation 
of the womb, and blood poisoning. 



90 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

PREVENTION. Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner is a wonderful 
preventative; give one tablespoonful in the feed, morning, noon and 
night for three weeks before calving. 

TREATMENT. Give two tablespoonfuls of Dr. Korinek's Kow 
Konditioner in a hot bran mash, morning, noon and night; take 
the chill from her drinking water. The afterbirth should not be 
pulled away by force, as it may tear, leaving small parts which, if 
not removed, will result in Leucorrhea (Whites) and may terminate 
in Inflammation of the Womb. To remove the afterbirth insert the 
band and carefully detach it from the walls of the uterus, after 
which wash out the uterus with a solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip, 
a tablespoonful to a gallon of warm water; an instrument for in- 
jecting the solution may easily be made from a section of ordinary 
hose and a tin funnel. (Refer to cut.) 



Ring Worm 

CAUSE. An infectious skin disease caused by a vegetable para- 
site (Tenea Tonsurans) and may be transmitted from one animal to 
another and even to man. 

SYMPTOMS. Disease usually appears in the spring of the year 
and is more apt to affect calves and young cattle. Circular spots 
of a silvery color appear on the head and neck; the hair falls from 
the affected parts and the spots become crusty. The infection is 
thought to be carried by rats and mice. 

TREATMENT. Remove the crusts with soap and warm water, 
and apply Tincture of Iodine pure to the denuded spots. Disinfect 
the barn and rubbing places with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant 
as directed upon the can. 



Stringy Milk 



CAUSE. Due to fungi; cows become infected while wading in 
stagnant pools or standing in muddy water. 

SYMPTOMS. The milk, when first drawn, seems normal, but 
after six hours or more, a scum appears on the surface which, 
under a magnifying glass resolves itself into myriads of fine thread- 
like filaments. 

TREATMENT. If cows have been allowed to stand in or drink 
from stagnant pools, change the water supply; also change the 
location of the milk house or thoroughly disinfect the surroundings. 
Give Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner — one tablespoonful morning 
and night. Dr. Korinek's Kidney Capsules are also beneficial. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 91 

Scum on the Eye 

CAUSE. May be due to injury. The eye appears smoke-colored. 

TREATMENT. Apply Dr. Korinek's Eye Remedy as directed; 
two or three applications will remove the scum. 

Suppression of Milk 

CAUSE. Usually due to ill health, debility, emaciation, chronic 
diseases of the bag and poor food. Excitement will sometimes cause 
a temporary suppression of milk in a nervous cow. 

TREATMENT. If due to poor food, improve the quality of 
the food; if the bag is hard, massage and apply Dr. Korinek's Lin- 
iment. Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner will increase the milk supply 
unless the cow has a chronic disease, and if she is diseased she 
should be examined by a competent veterinarian, as her milk may 
be unwholesome. 



Whites (Leucorrhea) 



Disease common to cows characterized by a discharge of white 
pus from the womb. 

CAUSE. Due to retention of the afterbirth, injuries inflicted 
by instruments in difficult calving, or may follow inflammation of 
the womb. 

SYMPTOMS. A thick white discharge from the womb is notice- 
able a week or two after calving, which soon becomes tinged with 
blood. Cow is unthrifty, loses flesh, and shows a decrease iii tht 
milk supply. 

TREATMENT. Treatment should begin at the first symptom of 
this disorder. Give one of Dr. Korinek's Physic Capsules; also give 
injections of Dr. Korinek's Dip (one tablespoonful to a gallon of 
water) three times daily, being careful to cleanse the womb thor- 
oughly. Feed laxative food. Dr. Korinek's Kow Konditioner, given 
according to directions, will quickly restore the milk supply and 
improve the general health. 



Warbles (Grubs) 



A slight elevation of the skin with a grub imbedded within. 

CAUSE. The Heel Fly or Warble Fly deposits its eggs on the 
legs of cattle during the fall months, and the animals licking the 
parts, take the eggs into the mouth and migrate into the gullet, where 
they are hatched. They burrough through the tissues and in the 
early spring will be found in the region of the back in the form of 
small lumps under the skin. 



92 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. These Warbles are seen under the skin in the 
region of the back and over the loins and are very tender to the 
touch. When they are fully developed, the larvae work their way 
out through the skin. This usually occurs in the early part of the 
summer. 

TREATMENT. Use Dr. Korinek's Fly Dope on your cattle and 
get rid of the flies and the animals will be free from grubs. When 
the grubs are ripe, or ready to come out, they should be pinched 
out and destroyed. If they are not ready to come out, inject a 
little oil with a hypodermic syringe which will kill the grub, when 
it may be squeezed out. 

Tuberculosis 

CAUSE. The bacillus of Tuberculosis thrive in animals, espe- 
cially those when in a weakened condition or when exposed to 
atmospheric changes, unwholesome food, dark and poorly ventilated 
stables. They gain entrance into the body through the lungs or the 
intestinal canal. They lodge in various portions of the lungs or 
intestines and multiply very rapidly, causing irritations and forma- 
tions, nodules, cysts or abscesses. They are the means of the bacil- 
lus entering the blood, which carries the infection to other parts 
of the body, as the spleen, liver, udder, womb, etc. Cows affected 
with localized tuberculosis, that is to say, the infection is confined 
to a very small portion of the lungs or any of the above mentioned 
organs, etc., may give birth to a calf having general tuberculosis at 
birth or shortly after, due to the cow's blood circulating through 
the body of the calf before birth. , 

SYMPTOMS. This disease may pass a casual observer un- 
noticed, although in some instances we notice a slight cough, un- 
thriftiness, dullness. The coughing is best marked after taking a 
drink of water in the morning and then being exercised. Some 
animals keep up in good condition and look perfectly healthy, 
while some get emaciated, have constipation, variable appetite, and 
sometimes growths or abscesses can be felt or seen in the udder or 
glands of the body and neck. 

However, cattle showing any weakness or the above symptoms 
should be tested for tuberculosis by a competent veterinarian who 
has had the privileges of a veterinary education and experience in 
the administration of tuberculin. 

TREATMENT. It is not advisable to treat tuberculosis. Thus 
far medicine has failed to relieve the affected animal or kill the 
bacillus of tuberculosis in a living animal. The infected animals 
should be disposed of on account of tubercular cows giving birth 
to tubercular calves, the milk being unfit for human consumption, 
unless it is thoroughly pasteurized. Infected cattle should be sep- 
arated from healthy ones, as the disease spreads very rapidly. Drink- 
ing and feeding troughs are a means of spreading the infection 
along, therefore, suspected cases of tuberculosis should be tested 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 93 

and if the animals react they should be slaughtered, and if the 
disease is localized, passed for human consumption. Animals sus- 
pected of having tuberculosis or reacting from tuberculin test, their 
meat should be well cooked. 

Ticks 

. Ticks are very difficult to kill on account of their protected 
location, as ear ticks are not affected by dipping, and remedies 
strong enough for this purpose are liable to injure the animal, but 
these parasites may be expelled by pouring into the ear, carbolized 
sweet or cottonseed oil, with favorable results. 

Texas Fever (Southern Cattle Fever) 

This disease has various names, according to the locality in 
which it appears, among them: Spanish Fever, Red Water, Black 
Water, Red Murrian, Australian Tick Fever, etc. 

CAUSE. Due to micro organism (Piroplasma Bigenium) which 
imbeds itself in the red corpuscles of the blood. The disease is 
scattered by means of a tick which drops from the affected animal. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite; the animal does not ruminate. 
There is every sign of unthriftiness and a high fever. When stand- 
ing, the back is arched; the affected animal seldom stands, how- 
ever, preferring to lie down most of the time and shows a desire 
for solitude. The urine is dark or coffee-colored, hence the name 
"Black Water." The disease is usually fatal, the animal dying 
within a few weeks. 

TREATMENT. Give quinine in large doses. This is considered 
by all authorities the best treatment. In addition to treatment it is 
necessary to use every precaution to prevent the spread of the dis- 
ease, by dipping the animal as well as by thorough disinfection of 
the premises. 

Twisted Stomach Worm 

CAUSE. Cattle become infected with this worm by grazing on 
pastures on which infested cattle have grazed and scattered their 
droppings. The worms in the stomach produce a multitude of eggs 
of microscopic size, which pass out of the body with the feces. In 
warm weather these eggs hatch in a few hours. The eggs are also de- 
stroyed by dryness, but on the other hand, moisture, if the weather 
is warm, favors their development. The twisted worm measures one- 
half inch to one and one-half inches in length. 

SYMPTOMS. General weakness, loss of flesh, anemia, dullness, 
capricious appetite, excessive thirst, paleness of the skin and mucous 
membranes of the mouth and eyes, and dropsical swelling especially 



94 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

that of the lower jaw. Diarrhoea always accompanies this condi- 
tion and if the feces is carefully examined the small worms may be 
seen wriggling about like little snakes, or when an animal dies and 
the fourth stomach is opened these worms can be seen in large 
quantities. 

PREVENTION. Preventative measures are important, as damp, 
marsh soil favors the development of the embryos. High sloping 
ground is preferable for pasture, if low ground is used it should 
be properly drained; burning over the pasture will destroy most of 
the young worms on the grass and on the ground. Cattle should be 
supplied with water from flowing streams or wells and not stagnant 
ponds. 

MEDICAL TREATMENT. Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
Remedy as directed. 



Tapeworms 



CAUSE. Small portions of tapeworms, consisting of one or 
more segments, are occasionally seen in the droppings of infested 
cattle, the infection is undoubtedly taken in with the food or 
water, infection being spread by the eggs of the parasite, and being 
expelled with the feces of an infested animal. The eggs being swal- 
lowed by insects, worms or snails, which act as an intermediate 
host, and which when swallowed accidentally by cattle while graz- 
ing or drinking carries with it into their stomachs the infectious 
stage of the tapeworm. Aged cattle do not seem to suffer much from 
tapeworms, but in calves these parasites cause scours and rapid 
emaciation. 

SYMPTOMS. Emaciation, diarrhoea, loss of flesh, ravenous 
appetite, paleness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes 
and the segments of the tapeworms can occasionally be seen in their 
droppings. 

TREATMENT. Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera Remedy 
as directed. 



Verminous Bronchitis (Lung Worm) 

CAUSE. Due to worm or parasite called strangylus micrurus, 
a small thread-like worm two to four inches in length, found in 
the bronchial tubes, a portion of the lungs. The life history of this 
parasite is not known, but infection is apparently derived through 
the medium of pastures where infested cattle have grazed. Young 
cattle are more seriously affected than old animals, especially 
common in low marshy pastures. 

SYMPTOMS. This form of bronchitis usually affects the entire 
herd, the animals become poor, unthrifty, hacking, coughing, espe- 
cially at night and sometimes animals actually cough up worms. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 95 

TREATMENT. Various treatments have been recommended for 
Verminous Bronchitis or lung worm, as injecting turpentine into the 
windpipe or fumigating animals by placing them in a closed shed 
or barn and then burn sulphur, compelling the affected animals to 
inhale the fumes. This treatment perhaps is the safest and the 
most effective. A person should remain in the enclosed shed and 
when the fumes become so strong that there is danger of suffocation, 
open the doors and windows. This treatment should be repeated 
every week, until coughing ceases. 

Wolf in the Tail 

So-called "Wolf in the Tail" is not a disease, but is merely a 
relaxed and softened condition of the tail near its end, and may be 
found in well-kept and perfectly healthy cattle. Hence the fallacy 
of the belief entertained by some that by splitting the tail near the 
end with a knife and filling the cut with salt and pepper and band- 
aging with a cloth, the condition may be relieved. 



Warts on the Teats 

TREATMENT. To remove warts, use sharp scissors; the parts 
should first be washed with an antiseptic solution and the scissors 
sterilized. After removing the wart, cauterize the wound with 
Caustic Potash or a Silver Nitrate Stick; a second application may 
be necessary. 



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Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 




•OINTS OF THE HOG 



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Back 


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Loin 


14 


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15 Tail 

10 Fore Flank 

17 Hind Flank 

18 Hip 

19 Rump 

20 Belly 

21 Ham 

22 Stifle 

23 Hock 

24 Pastern 

25 Dewclaw 
20 Foot 

27 Pouch 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



Abortion 

CAUSE. Sows may abort at any state of pregnancy by slipping, 
falling, kicks, or by being caught while crawling through or under 
fences. Sows may also abort when allowed to crawl in quarters 
where there are other hogs. Contagious diseases also produce abor- 
tion, such as Cholera. Black pleuropneumonia is also a contagious 
form of abortion in sows, but this is very uncommon, as the disease 
spreads very slowly. 

SYMPTOMS. There is no warning given as a rule, the sows 
expel their pigs before any signs of abortion are noticed. 

In other cases the sows refuse to eat, they get uneasy, shivering 
and trembling of the muscles and the straining and labor pains are 
noticed. As a rule when a sow is injured she will not prepare a 
bed as she would normally. 

TREATMENT. Preventative is the only safe and sure treat- 
ment. Although when the first sign of abortion appears and there 
are no signs of the membranes coming away, remove the sows to 
quiet, warm, clean quarters, off to themselves, and if straining, 
give one dram of Chloral Hydrate in their drinking water every two 
or three hours. 

When a sow aborts burn the pigs in afterbirth and disinfect 
the pens with Dr. Korinek's Disinfectant. Keep this up for several 
days and do not breed until all discharges from the vagina have 
ceased flowing. 

Administration of Medicine to Hogs 

This may seem easy, but,- nevertheless, it is a difficult task. 
Never lay a hog on his back to drench him. In so doing there will 
be much danger of strangling to death. The proper method is to 
stand or set him on end, holding him up by the ears, and by the 
use of a bottle with a piece of hose drawn over its neck, give the 
medicine very slowly, so as not to allow a large quantity to ac- 
cumulate in the mouth or throat at one time. There is always 
danger of seme of the liquids escaping into the lungs and causing 
them to strangle, or it may produce pneumonia, but this perhaps 
is the best method of giving hogs medicine by force. 

Hogs will generally take the medicine in their feed or drinking 
water, unless they are very sick or the medicine is extremely dis- 
agreeableto the taste. 

Blood Poisoning (Pyaemia Septicaemia) 

CAUSE. Due to the toxic substance produced by germs that 
invade wounds, bruises, abscesses or womb following farrowing, if 
lascerated. 



100 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. The seat of injury becomes swollen, pus may 
adhere to the hair, temperature elevates, appetite poor, moves about 
very slowly, becomes separated from the rest of the drove, lies 
around in some cool, quiet place, eventually becomes very weak 
and poor and dies, if good attention is not given the animal. 

TREATMENT. Separate from the other hogs in a clean, com- 
fortable place and wash the seat of injury with Dr. Korinek's Dip 
and Disinfectant. In case of abscess, open them low so as to as- 
sure good drainage. Keep clean, cool water before them at all 
times. Give mashes made from wheat bran and hot water, or any 
good, substantial food that is easily digested containing Dr. Kor- 
inek's Siock Tonic. 

Bronchitis 

CAUSE. Lung worms, poorly ventilated sleeping quarters, 
sleeping in small stacks of manure heaps, over-heated, filthy pens, 
where the animals inhale irritating gases given off the bodies of 
other hogs and in filth. Smoke and dust are very common producers 
of bronchitis. 

SYMPTOMS. Breathing fast, appetite poor, slight raise in tem- 
perature, coughing. The hog is dull and stupid, refuses food, but 
drinks water frequently. 

TREATMENT. Preventative; avoiding the above named causes, 
but when affected, move to clc^n, well-ventilated quarters, avoid 
dust and gases, disinfect bedding and floors with Dr. Korinek's 
Dip and Disinfectant. Also give large doses of Dr. Korinek's Stock 
Tonic. Eeed vegetables or any easily digested food and hot wheat 
bran mashes. 

In case it is due to lung worms, confine the animal in a close 
pen a few minutes and permit them to inhale the steam from tur- 
pentine and water by placing water and turpeniine in. a tin recep- 
tacle holding about two gallons and inserting heated bricks or 
stones into the solution. 

Black Tooth 

CAUSE. Black tooth, so-called in swine, is principally due to 
injuries to the teeth received by chewing hard matter, such as bone, 
etc. This causes them to decay. 

SYMPTOMS. Toothache. Toothache in swine is similar to 
that affecting man. Loss of appetite, salvation, or slobbering, hang- 
ing the head mostly to the side which is affected, loss of fear of 
man and of offensive breath. If the hogs are fed on strongly acid 
food for any length of time their teeth may become dark colored, 
although the teeth are not materially injured, so long as decayed 
tooth substance cannot be noticed and while the appetite end chew- 
ing facilities of the hog do not appear to be diminished, no inter- 
ference will be necessary. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 101 

It is customary with some people to examine the teeth of hogs 
and if one is found darker colored than the rest it is supposed to 
be the cause of the hog not doing well, if in a poor condition, and 
the tooth is hammered off even with the jaw, leaving the broken 
roots, lacerated gums, and nerves to increase the hog's suffering. 
If the hog recovers it is considered a sure case of black-tooth. 

My advice is, if you are determined to have the tooth out, 
extract it properly. DO NOT BREAK IT OFF. 



Castration 



This is understood by every farmer, yet there are some points 
many do not know. For instance, you should use an antiseptic 
solution, as dip, carbolic acid or bichloride of mercury. Wash 
your hands and knife thoroughly, also the seat of operation and 
make your incision as low as possible to permit the pus to drain 
out nicely. If this is not practiced, the pus will become absorbed 
into the blood, producing blood poison, which may produce death, 
or at the best, will cause them to become stunted, where, if the 
operation was performed properly, the pig or hog would thrive, 
regardless of the shock from the operation. 

I may add that it is much better to castrate pigs or hogs when 
their stomach and intestines are empty, and it is always good prac- 
tice to feed laxative and easily digested foods sparingly after this 
operation. 



Choking 



CAUSE. Vegetables such as potatoes, etc., roots, such as carrots, 
turnips and sometimes pieces of bone or glass lodge in the gullet. 
Paralysis of the muscular fibres of the gullet is a very common 
cause of choking in swine. 

SYMPTOMS. The hog is unable to swallow, producing frothing 
at the mouth and if the obstruction cannot be dislodged death 
occurs in a very short time. Sometimes the obstruction in the gullet 
may be felt from the outside with the hand. 

TREATMENT. The administration of small doses of raw 
linseed or olive oil or lard will assist the dislodging the obstruction. 
Also, careful manipulation of the gullet from the outside with the 
hand assists in either forcing it into the stomach or bringing it 
out through the hog's mouth. If vomiting can be produced, it dis- 
lodges the obstruction. If immediate results are not obtained from 
the above treatments, I would recommend butchering the hog for 
meat immediately. 



102 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Garget — Bag Inflammation 

CAUSE. Injuries, obstructed tits, accumulation of milk in the 
sow's bag after the loss of part of or all her litter. Difficult birth, 
slight wounds in the bag permit invasion of germs and very fre- 
quently is the cause of bag inflammation. 

SYMPTOMS. Heated bag, swelling in one or more tits. The 
general body temperature elevated one or two degrees above normal. 
The sow perhaps refuses her feed, although she will drink water in 
large quantities. 

TREATMENT. Feed soft sloppy food and vegetables. Epsom 
Salts two or four ounces in milk or feed. It is also well to milk 
the sow relieving her of the milk by hand three or four times a 
day. This is very necessary. Camphorated oil is very soothing 
and I would recommend its use freely only over affected tits. 

Diarrhoea in Young Pigs (Scours) 

CAUSE. Decomposed foods, slops, etc., fed to the mothers 
causing her to give toxic milk. Poorly ventilated, filthy, cold and 
damp pens, insufficient exercise, lack of sunlight, raising pigs by 
hand or with other sows. 

SYMPTOMS. Frequent movement of the bowels; the passage 
being of a grayish-white color and the odor very disagreeable. At 
this stage of the disease reliable remedies must be given or they 
will die very soon. 

The discharge from the bowels becomes very thin, the tail and 
legs become soiled, loss of appetite, the pigs become weak and dull, 
hair rough and it is difficult for them to move about. In very 
young pigs treatment is of little value. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause. Clean the sheds, pens and 
disinfect, feed good wholesome food and give them clean water to 
drink. To every ten pigs affected with scours give one teaspoonful 
of Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera Remedy four or five times 
a day in milk or feed. ^Vhen the pigs are too young to eat or drink, 
give the sow nursing them one tablespoonful of Dr. Korinek's Calf 
Scour and Cholera Remedy, three times a day in her feed, swill or 
drinking water. See that the surroundings are clean, dry and well 
ventilated. Permit no drafts, for this is a very important treatment 
in itself. 



Hog Cholera 



CAUSE. Ry the Racillus Hog Cholerae, contaminated food, 
stagnant water, filth, etc., all have a tendency to aid its progress. 
I have seen farms in sections where cholera was prevalent, not in 
the least troubled with the malady, which was perhaps due to care- 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 103 

ful feeding of clean foods, care in watering, cleanliness about the 
pens and sheds and disinfecting ocassionally and on the other hand 
perhaps a most important item was that those hogs received tonics 
containing worm expellers at least four times a year. Many a case 
of supposed hog cholera is due to worms irritating and producing 
inflammation of the intestines followed by diarrhoea. A person not 
familiar with the disease, calls it "hog cholera." In other cases 
hogs fed swills from restaurants, hotels, etc., sometimes contain 
soap, washing powders, small particles of glass, etc., leading a person 
to think his hogs have cholera, and if a thorough investigation isn't 
made, it is naturally supposed that they died from hog cholera. 

SYMPTOMS. In true hog cholera, the temperature will be 
elevated two to four degrees above normal. There will be a loss 
of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, although there may be constipation 
when the hog is first affected. The hog wanders off by itself in 
some cool, quiet place and lies down. When they walk they will 
stagger and show great stiffness in their hind parts, due to soreness 
of the intestines. The hair will have a roughened appearance, the 
back arched, the eyes inflammed and discharge pus, red blotches 
will show themselves back of the ears, inside the legs and oh the 
abdomen. At this stage the diarrhoea is watery, dark and tinged 
with blood and very offensive in odor, breath is very fast and 
labored. The hog grows very weak and dies. 

PREVENTION. Prevention must always be born in mind. Do 
not feed hogs anything you have because "it is only a hog." Always 
feed good wholesome food and give them clean water to drink. 
Watch the condition of their bowels and regulate them by feeding. 
Burn manure and bedding and disinfect carefully. Do not permit 
your hogs to drink out of running streams of water, especially 
if hog cholera is in your neighborhood. When buying hogs it is 
well to keep them off by themselves for two or three weeks, as they 
may be diseased. Do not permit neighbors, their stock or dogs 
on your premises when hog cholera is raging, as the infection of 
hog cholera can be spread very rapidly by matter from the affected 
hogs adhering to the shoes of man, to the feed of stock and 
dogs, etc. 

Disinfect your pens once a week with Dr. Korinek's Dip and 
Disinfectant, using one part Dip to fifty parts of water; troughs 
and sleeping places must be disinfected as well, take burlap sacks 
that have been saturated in a solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip and 
Disinfectant and wrap it around rubbing posts, etc. It is well to 
dip your hogs in case you have a vat. Internally give the following: 
Wood charcoal, powdered, 2 lbs.; sulphur, powdered, 2 lbs.; sodium 
chloride, powdered, 3 lbs., sodium sulphate, powdered, 3 lbs.; 
sodium hyposulphite, powdered, 2 lbs.; antimony black, powdered. 
2 lbs. Mix thoroughly and give a dessert spoonful to an ordinary 
size hog, smaller or larger hogs may be dosed accordingly. (See 
serum treatment for Hog Cholera on page 102.) 

I am postive that if this method was properly practiced by all 
hog raisers and feeders, hog cholera would be a very rare disease. 



104 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Indigestion 

CAUSE. Worms are perhaps one of the most common causes. 
Unwholesome irritating food or swill containing soap or washing 
powder all have a tendency to derange the process of digestion. 

SYMPTOMS. Abdominal pain, vomiting, back arched, breath- 
ing rapidly and temperature elevated from two to three degrees. 
There may be diarrhoea and the animal may be constipated. Vomiting 
as a rule relieves acute attacks by expelling the irritant eaten. When 
it takes a chronic form the hogs become stunted. 

TREATMENT. Endeavor to find out the cause and remove it. 
If constipated, give calomel 15 to 20 grains or if diarrhoea appears, 
give one tablespoonful of Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
remedy three times a day in their feed. Always feed unthrifty pigs 
or hogs Dr. Korinek's Stock tonic; it expells worms and aids 
digestion, heed it with wheat bran and hot water to sick animals. 



Jaundice or Yellows 

CAUSE. Liver flukes, intestinal worms, gall stones, lack of 
exercise, over-feeding or a stoppage of the bile duct. 

SYMPTOMS. The white portions of the eyes take on a yellow 
color, also the membranes of the mouth. The back arches, hair 
looks rough, vomiting, temperature rises, animal is constipated, 
diarrhoea is sometimes noticed. Urine is passed frequently and is 
of a dark color. 

TREATMENT. This disease requires careful feeding and lots 
of exercise. Cive ten to twenty grains of calomel, then follow with 
Dr. Korinek's Tonic in large doses. It is doubly indicated in this 
disease, especially if due to worms. Feed swill and vegetables. Cive 
them all the pure water they will drink. 



Kidney Worms 



CAUSE. Damp, filthy surroundings seem to favor the growth 
of the embryo worm. They are taken into the digestive canal with 
the food and eventually pass to the region of the kidneys where 
they find conditions favorable for multiplying. 

SYMPTOMS. Paralysis of the hind quarters. In paralysis the 
animal does not exhibit as marked tenderness from pressure of the 
fingers over the loins, as would be present if the weakness of the 
hind quarters were due to a sprain or to rheumatism of the loins. 
Occasionally hogs may suffer from the presence of one or more 
worms in the kidneys, but the ailment is rarely fatal, only becom- 
ing so after a long period of suffering and consequent degeneration 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 105 

of one or both kidneys. The presence of the worms in the kidneys 
is almost impossible to detect except through a microscopic exam- 
ination of the urine. If worms are found in the kidneys of an 
animal that has been slaughtered for food, or has died from disease, 
it may then be supposed that others of the same herd, if not acting 
in a normal manner, are infected with the same worm and the 
same disease. 

TREATMENT. Teaspoonful doses of turpentine is th« only 
treatment that I can recommend. Preventative measures form the 
only practical method of treating diseases of this nature. 



Kidney Congestion 



CAUSE. Hogs are subject to various injuries about the kidneys, 
such as a large number of hogs piling up together, also exposure to 
cold, wet rains. 

SYMPTOMS. Small quantities of dark colored urine is passed 
frequently, appetite poor, no energy to move about. They lie around 
a great deal; at times they may be paralyzed and dragging their 
hind quarters. 

TREATMENT. Apply cloths or blankets, wrung out of hot 
water, 'also give potassium-acetate in 20 grain doses four or five 
times a day in drinking water. Feed soft, sloppy food containing 
Dr. Korinek's Stock Food and Tonic at the rate of one tablespoonful 
three times a day. It contains nerve stimulants, just what is indi- 
cated in paralysis. 



Lung Worms 



CAUSE. By threadlike worm varying in length from one-half 
to one and one-half inches and of a brownish-white color. They 
are found in the windpipe and tubes leading into the lungs. The 
adult worms in the lungs produce large quantities of eggs which 
are coughed up with mucous and become scattered over premises 
where other hogs are permitted to walk. They inhale the dust con- 
taining the eggs where they find moisture sufficient for their de- 
velopment. 

SYMPTOMS. Severe coughing spells. Large quantities of mu- 
cous will escape from the nose and mouth. The hog becomes stunted 
although he may eat fairly well, but if not relieved, the worms col- 
lect in the Bronchi and produce sudden death, due to suffocation. 
The worms may set up an inflammation of the lining membranes 
of the lungs which is sometimes taken for Swine Plague or Cholera. 
This disease is not uncommon, especially in old, filthy, poorly 
drained hog houses and pastures. 



106 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. Confine the affected hogs to a shed, close win- 
dows and doors and any large cracks, then compel them to inhale 
steam from the following mixture: Turpentine eight ounces, Pine 
Tar one pint, Water two gallons. Place in tin receptacle in center 
of the shed and heat the above solution by adding hot bricks or 
stones to the mixture occasionally. Compel them to inhale this 
steam for at least thirty minutes twice a day. Feed wholesome food 
to which add Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic as directed in the propor- 
tion of one teaspoonful to every one hundred pounds of hog weight. 
A strong, vigorous hog may have worms, but they retain their 
vitality. 



Lung Fever ( Inflammation of the Lungs) 

CAUSE. Sudden changes, exposure to storms, piling up of hogs 
during cold nights or sleeping in manure heaps, old straw stacks, 
etc. 

SYMPTOMS. The pig or hog is taken with shivering spells, is 
stupid, his back is arched, loss of appetite, temperature elevated 
two or four degrees above normal, short hurried breath generally 
accompanied with cough which is deep and hoarse. As a rule the 
hog is constipated. 

TREATMENT. Place in good clean, warm, well-ventilated 
quarters, free from draughts. Keep water before them at all 
times containing salt petre, one teaspoonful to every gallon of water. 
If constipated do not give physics; give injections of soap and warm 
water; also administer about one-half teaspoonful of Dr. Korinek's 
Distemper Remedy on the tongue with a wooden paddle. It sticks 
to the surface of the tongue and gradually dissolves and gives great 
results, as it is very soothing to the organs of breathing. 



Lice on Hogs 



Dip, spray or scrub your hogs with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Dis- 
infectant, but whatever remedy is used should be applied more 
than once, which, of course, causes considerable work where there 
is a large number of hogs infested, unless dipping is done. The 
reason for repeated applications being necessary is that hogs may 
pick up lice from the ground, bedding and rubbing places, and other 
reasons are that though the remedy used may kill the lice, they do 
not affect the nits and these remain intact and hatch within a week 
or ten days. A new crop of lice appear on the hog from this source. 
Remove all manure and bedding from pens and sheds and burn it. 
Disinfect floors and spray sides of shed, pens and rubbing places 
with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant, one part to seventy-two 
parts of water once a month and you will be handsomely repaid 
for your labor. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 107 

Mange 

CAUSE. By the Sarcoptes Scabei. This parasite burrows under 
the outer surface of the skin. 

SYMPTOMS. The parasite usually manifests itself on the skin 
under the arm pits, thighs and inside of the fore-legs. At first small 
red blotches or pimples appear and these gradually spread as the 
parasites multiply and burrow under the skin. 

TREATMENT. There is no way of curing it or of preventing it, 
except by killing the parasites and their eggs; not only on the pigs 
themselves, but also on the sides of the pens, sheds, rubbing-posts, 
or anything that an affected hog rubs against. 

When treating this disease, the real aim must be to kill the 
parasite by the prompt and continuous use of external remedies, 
such as washing or dipping, which is better, with Dr. Korinek's 
Dip and Disinfectant, one part to seventy parts water. Repeat this 
every ten days until cured. Two dippings are generally sufficient. 
It is well to feed cooling foods, such as slops and vegetables con- 
taining Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic as directed on package. 

Nettle-Rash (Urticaria) 

CAUSE. Irritations to the skin produced by sprinkling hogs 
with irritating solutions, powders or from irritating dips when treat- 
ing lice, etc. Feeding highly nitrogenous food predisposes them to 
this disease; also filth, poorly drained sheds and pens, especially 
common in young pigs. Nettle rash is not contagious, but what 
produces it in one hog may produce it in several at the same time. 

SYMPTOMS. Red, swollen blotches appear on the skin very 
suddenly, especially about the ears and the inside of the thighs, 
perhaps due to the skin being thin and deprived of hair. The hog 
rubs it on account of the intense itching. The hog will not thrive 
when in this condition. In most cases there is a fluid oozing from 
the blotches, causing dirt and filth to adhere to the hair. How- 
ever, if the disease is properly treated, a recovery is sure to follow 
in about two weeks. 

TREATMENT. Prevention against this disease is a very good 
treatment, and it consists in keeping shoats and pigs in clean, well- 
ventilated sheds and pens. Do not sprinkle them with irritating 
solutions or powders or irritating dips, but when the disease once 
shows itself, give each pig or hog affected a dose of Epsom Salts, 
one ounce to every twenty-five pounds of hog weight in feed, swill 
or drinking water. If the weather is hot, keep them in a clean, 
cool place, also purify their blood by feeding Dr. Korinek's Stock 
Tonic, one teaspoonful to every twenty-five pounds of hog weight. 



108 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

EXAMPLES. If a pig weighs twenty-five pounds, give one tea- 
spoonful twice a day. If they weigh 12 pounds, give one-half tea- 
spoonful twice a day. Larger hogs, give doses in proportion. Ap- 
ply Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant, one part to 100 parts of 
water. It is non-irritating and will destroy hog lice and will heal 
the pustules of nettle rash. Dip twice, ten days apart. It also must 
be borne in mind that their pens and sleeping quarters must be dis- 
infected; the old bedding and manure burned and replaced with 
good clean straw or hay. Feed easily digested food, slops, etc. 

Navel Rupture (Navel or Umbilical) 

CAUSE. Injuries. Pigs crowding through narrow doorways or 
openings in fences, small pigs sleeping with large pigs and allowed 
to pile up or being thrown about feed troughs when feeding with 
larger hogs. Weakness and constipation also predisposes them to 
navel or umbilical rupture. 

SYMPTOMS. A soft, puffy swelling about the navel or um- 
bilicus, varying in size from a hazelnut to that of an ostrich egg. 
When a pig is placed on its back the intestines will gravitate into 
the abdominal cavity, providing the intestines will not adhere to 
the walls of the rupture. 

TREATMENT. This is most difficult, as often times the intes- 
tines will adhere to the inner surface of the rupture and unless the 
operation is carefully performed, there is great danger. Great care 
must be exercised in preparing the pig by fasting it for twenty-four 
hours. After this is accomplished prepare an antiseptic solution 
of dip — carbolic acid or bichloride of mercury; also have a needle 
and absorbent silk or cat gut ready. Now, wash the seat of opera- 
tion with the antiseptic solution. Place the pig on its back with 
its head downward; make an incision through the skin carefully, 
as stated before, as the intestines sometimes adhere to the inner 
surface of the rupture. If such is the case, wash the hands in 
the antiseptic solution and with the fingers carefully break the 
adhesions or separate the intestines from their adhesions. After 
this is accomplished, sew the inner lining of the abdominal cavity 
with absorbent silk or cat gut. Then sew the outer skin with cotton 
or linen cord and your operation is complete. Feed the hog spar- 
ingly for a few days following the operation on easily digested, 
laxative foods. 



Piles; Prolapsus of the Anus 

CAUSE. Due to irritating foods that either constipate or pro- 
duce diarrhoea. Although the animal may look well, there will be 
a weakness of the circular fibres of the intestines. 




PROFIT MAKERS 



110 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. Symptoms are very plain — a protrusion from the 
rectum from two to four inches in length. This protrusion is irri- 
tated by the animal rubbing against the sides of pen, etc.; it cracks 
and bleeds, and if the weather is warm will become fly-blown and 
maggots will accumulate in large quantities. 

TREATMENT. In the first stages of the disease, wash the 
protruding parts with an antiseptic solution of carbolic acid, one 
teaspoonful to a pint of water. Give rectal injections of soap and 
warm water or sweet oil; give about two ounces of castor oil in- 
ternally and feed soft, sloppy foods. In chronic cases of long 
standing, remove the exposed portion of the intestine after washing 
thoroughly with an antiseptic solution. Remove with sharp knife 
and stitch the cut end of intestine to the edges of the anus. Feed 
easily digested foods, such as wheat bran mixed with flax seed meal 
on which boiling hot water has been poured. Let it stand until 
its heat can be borne by the hand, before feeding to the animal. 



Paralysis of the Hind Quarters 

CAUSE. There are a great many things that may produce par- 
alysis of the hind quarters. For instance, shipping hogs in crates, 
fractures of thigh bones, Rhachitis, due to feeding food that is de- 
ficient in mineral matter, hogs piling up, kicks or injuries to the 
back frequently seen in sows nursing a litter of pigs while in a run- 
down condition. Constipation and indigestion also produce par- 
alysis of the hind quarters. Some think it is caused by worms 
in the kidneys; this is not always the case. It is true that the pres- 
ence of the parasite around the kidneys may cause irritation of 
the nerves of the spinal column and result in paralysis, yet, there 
more often is a weakness and loss of nervous power of the hind 
parts. 

SYMPTOMS. Regardless of the cause, the symptoms in either 
case are exactly alike, and take the form of weakness of the back, 
wriggling of the hind parts, and finally they sit down on their 
haunches. After some effort they get up and run in a straight line 
quite fast, soon swinging to one side for a while and then go over to 
the other side and finally get down so that they cannot rise, but 
can drag themselves about. The appetite is good until a day or two 
before they die. 

TREATMENT. Place the hog in clean, comfortable quarters 
with plenty of fresh water to drink. Give sour milk, fruit or vege- 
tables containing Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic as directed on container. 
It contains nerve stimulants and blood purifiers. If the hog is 
constipated, add two or four ounces of Epsom Salts to their feed. 

Treatment of all such cases requires perseverance and recovery 
is slow and sometimes uncertain. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 111 

Pin Worms 

CAUSE. Hogs take the eggs that encapsule well matured em- 
byronic worms with their feed or drinking water. They multiply 
very rapidly in the small intestines and are one-half to one inch 
in length. 

SYMPTOMS. No signs are noticed unless they are very abund- 
ant, as they are small and difficult to see with the naked eye. The 
principal location is in the back part of the small intestines where 
considerable inflammation is set up, especially where there are 
other worms present, such as the round worm. 

TREATMENT is of little value, as the location in the intestines 
is very difficult to get at, but as their presence causes very little 
disturbance it is hardly worth while treating; although preventative 
measures should be applied by disinfecting, burning manure and 
bedding. 

The following have proven a very effective treatment for Pin 
Worms: Powdered Quassia one pound, Sulphur Sublime two pounds, 
Glauber Salts one pound, Powdered Tobacco one-half pound, Sul- 
phide of Antimony one pound, Hyposulphite of Soda two pounds, 
Beachwood Charcoal one pound, Common Salt two pounds. 

The above must be well powdered and thoroughly mixed. Give 
one heaping teaspoonful to every one hundred pounds of hog weight. 
To small pigs give doses in proportion to weight, as above stated. 
Place it in their feed or slop twice a day. In addition to the vermi- 
fuge use an alternative and tonic that should be given pigs and 
hogs that do not thrive properly. Best results, however, are ob- 
tained in treatment of pin worm when the principal food consists 
of vegetables, mashes and slops. 



Pleurisy 



CAUSE. Exposure to cold, damp, chilly weather, especially 
when exposed to draughts or a large number of hogs allowed to pile 
up during cold nights, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Chilled and temperature elevated two to three 
degrees above normal; breathing fast. The hog will show great 
pain when pressed over the lungs, by flinching, squeeling or grunt- 
ing; coughing suppressed, ribs rigid; breathing mostly with the 
muscles of the flanks; appetite poor and eventually there will be 
fluids accumulate in the lung cavities.* At this stage the breathing 
is labored and difficult. If the ear is pressed over the lungs the 
fluids can be heard. When in the first stage, the sound will be 
similar to that of rubbing hair between the finger and thumb. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause and treatment will be satis- 
factory if given in due time. Place in clean, comfortable shed; see 



112 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

that it is well ventilated, prevent drafts; apply Dr. Korinek's 
Absorbent Blister over the lungs and give two to four ounces of 
Castor Oil in milk. Feed easily digested food, such as hard wheat 
bran mashes containing Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic. It is also well 
to feed vegetables. 

Rheumatism 

CAUSE. Exposure resulting from cold, damp houses. Over- 
feeding also has a tendency to produce swelling of the joints and 
muscles. 

SYMPTOMS. Lameness of one or more of the limbs, swelling 
of the joints about the legs and feet. The animal does not care to 
move and will refuse his feed in most cases; temperature slightly 
above normal; breathing quick and short; will drink water fre- 
quently if it is offered. 

TREATMENT. 1 am of the opinion that rheumatism in swine 
would be a very rare disease if they were properly provided for 
and furnished clean, dry quarters with a liberal quantity of bedding. 
Do not allow your hogs to pile up in their sleeping quarters, as it is 
very injurious to them. 

Medical treatment consists of feeding Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic 
in tablespoonful doses, three times a day in sloppy food; also feed 
vegetables or green food. 

Round Worms 

CAUSE. Is undoubtedly due to filth, or hogs eating food or 
drinking water contaminated with well-developed eggs or embryos 
of round worms, thus taking them into their digestive canal where 
they multiply rapidly and set up considerable irritation. This worm 
varies in length from three to thirteen inches and is of a reddish- 
brown color. 

SYMPTOMS. The round worm is generally passed with the 
feces and can be readily seen with the naked eye. A hog infected 
with a large number of these worms is generally restless, appetite 
varied. ^Vhen these worms develop in large numbers they obstruct 
the intestines. In other cases they irritate and inflame the intes- 
tines, causing inflammation and diarrhoea, and death may be due 
to either obstruction or inflammation of the bowels. 

TREATMENT. Treatment is very satisfactory. 'Withhold all 
food from 18 to 24 hours. Then place in one pint of finely ground 
feed: Calomel and Santonin, each five grains to every one hundred 
pounds of hog weight. For instance, if the hog affected with round 
worms weighs 200 pounds, double the dose by giving ten grains 
of each of the above, but if the hog only weighs fifty pounds, give 
one-half the dose mentioned, or two and one-half grains of each. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 113 

This treatment should be repeated in a week or ten days to assure 
the expulsion of worms that might have survived the first dose. 
Feed sparingly on laxative food for a few days following each treat- 
ment, as bran mashes and vegetables. 

Rupture (Scrotal or Inguinal) 

DEFINITION. In the male the intestines pass through the wide 
inguinal canal, through which the cord of the testicle passes. It 
is not difficult to recognize this form of rupture, as the enlarged 
scrotum on the pig that contains the testicles is usually quite large 
and sometimes almost reaches the ground. In this case both sides 
of the scrotum, or the sack which contains the testicles, also con- 
tains intestines. In this case the pig is held up by the hind parts, 
the intestines are gravitated back into the abdominal cavity, but as 
soon as a pig lies down or stands, they again return to the scrotum. 
The testicles can be located at the bottom of the enlargement. 

CAUSE. Hereditary tendencies predisposes swine to rupture. 
Pigs with large inguinal canals through which the cord passes and by 
pigs being crowded, injured, squeezed at troughs or passing through 
narrow doorways. Weakness is another very common cause; severe 
straining from constipation also produces rupture. 

SYMPTOMS. An enlargement of the sack containing the tes- 
ticles. Sometimes there may be a strangulation of the intestines 
where they fold or twist. They become inflamed and produce death. 
The pig dies in great pain, but fortunately the strangulation of rup- 
tures in pigs is very rare, as the scrotum and canal in which the 
intestines occupy releases and becomes very roomy. 

TREATMENT. Operation is the only method of relieving or 
curing inguinal or scrotum rupture. My advice is to operate as 
soon as possible. When the pigs are small there is less danger. The 
pig to be operated on should be fasted for at least twenty-four hours, 
as it is easier on both the operator and pig when the intestines are 
empty, or nearly so. 

The operation that I would recommend is as follows, and I 
have found it to be very successful : First, hang, or have an assistant 
to hold the pig up by its hind legs, prepare an antiseptic solution 
of Dip, Carbolic Acid or Bichloride of Mercury in a pan, have a 
needle threaded with a medium size absorbent silk or cat-gut suture, 
also have a clean, sharp knife handy; wash the seat of operation 
with the antiseptic solution. Now, proceed to locate the testicle, 
by having the hind parts elevated. The testicle will remain in the 
sack or scrotum; now grasp the testicle between the fingers and 
make the incision through the sack and to the lower portion. It 
may be necessary to insert two fingers to withdraw the testicle. 
When the testicle is located, withdraw it. Before cutting it off, it 
is well to run a needle containing a thread through the last covering 



114 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

of the testicle so as to prevent it from returning inside when the 
testicle is removed. After this is securely done, withdraw the tes- 
ticle and tie an absorbent silk or cat-gut just back of the testicle. 
Remove the testicle and sew the inner membranes that envelop the 
rupture and testicle with what is called a tobacco pouch suture. 
Draw it together firmly and tie and cut off suture about one-half 
inch from the knot. 

Now, your operation is complete. Do not sew the outer incision 
in the scrotum, as it would have a tendency to accumulate dirt and 
hold pus, which should have a free drainage to escape. Wash with 
some of the above antiseptics twice daily until thoroughly healed 
Also, feed laxative foods that are easily digested. 

Sun or Heat Stroke 

CAUSE. Hogs that are very fat and driven, hauled or shipped 
to market when the weather is warm are frequently stricken with 
heat or sunstroke. Sometimes when hogs are overcrowded and not 
protected from the rays of the sun or heat may become victims ot 
heat or sunstroke. 

SYMPTOMS. First they stagger when walking, then they be- 
come very weak and temperature elevates three or four degrees 
higher than normal. Prostration or extreme depression and some- 
times involuntary spasms or contractions of muscles occur. 

TREATMENT. Prevention. Do not drive, haul or ship hogs 
that are not accustomed to exercise or extreme heat during the 
hottest part of the day. Do not crowd hogs in small pens or sheds 
during the hot months, as their bodies give off considerable heat in 
addition to that of the sun. See that they are protected from the 
sun. When hauling or shipping hogs, wet them occasionally with 
water. It prevents heat stroke. In case a hog is suffering from heat 
or sunstroke, place them in a cool, shady place and apply ice or cold 
water to the head only. Also, give saltpetre in teaspoonful doses 
every six hours diluted in one ounce of water. Also give alcohol, 
one teaspoonful every three hours in one ounce of water. Some- 
times good recovery is obtained from the above treatment. 

Rickets 

CAUSE. Food deficient in mineral matter or lime, filth, lack 
of exercise, crowded quarters all tend to produce a softening of the 
bones and swelling of the joints. 

SYMPTOMS. The pigs affected are generally in good condition 
and seem to be doing well, but all of a sudden they become paralyzed 
in the hind quarters owing to the weakened condition of the bones, 
which sometimes fracture without receiving injury or any addi- 
tional weight to that of the pig itself. The bones of the snout, back, 
limbs and feet bend and become deformed. The pigs grow weak, 
poor and stunted and perhaps the best treatment is to destroy them. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 115 

PREVENTATIVE TREATMENT. Careful feeding of good 
wholesome food. This disease is very seldom seen where nogs are 
frequently fed corn. 

MEDICAL TREATMENT. With the first signs of Rickets, feed 
Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic in tablespoonful doses twice daily. It 
contains the following mineral ingredients: Sulphate of Iron, Lime, 
Sulphur, Chloride of Soda, Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Bicarbonate, 
Hyposulphate of Soda. 

The above drugs are excellent bone builders. In addition to trie 
above mentioned ingredients, Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic contains 
general tonics derived from the vegetable kingdom. 



Serum Treatment of Hog Cholera 

This treatment has been successful in some cases and in others 
unsuccessful. The latter perhaps due to poor serums, or the disease 
so far advanced that the hogs treated were beyond recovery. Serum 
treatment is very expensive and requires a strictly septic operation 
of injecting the serum, so that a hog raiser or grower is not equipped 
to administer the treatment properly, besides it requires an addi- 
tional expense added to the cost of the serum, the services of a 
veterinary surgeon. Therefore, I would use preventative measures 
as stated previously. 

Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant destroys the bacillus of 
hog cholera. 

Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic expels worms, tones the system, 
regulates the bowels and fortifies your hogs against hog cholera. 

Sows Eating Their Young 

CAUSE. Insufficient lime or mineral matter fed them prior to 
farrowing; constipation is also a fruitful cause. 

PREVENTION. Careful feeding for a few days prior to far- 
rowing, such as feeding slops free from soap or washing powders, 
cool food, such as wheat bran mashes with one tablespoonful of 
Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic twice a day. It is loosening to the 
bowels and it also contains mineral matter and blood purifiers 
which are very valuable in the above mentioned condition. 



Sore Mouth 

CAUSE. Feeding decomposed foods. Also slops or stagnant 
water, washing powders, broken glassware from the tables fed in 
slops, barley or wheat beards, etc. Difficulty in eating, or they refuse 
to eat at all. Stringless secretions of saliva continually oozing from 
the mouth. The mouth gives off very offensive odor. 



116 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. In this form of sore mouth, remove the cause. 
Feed soft, wholesome food such as wheat bran mashes and vege- 
tables. In cases where it is due to the lodging of beards of wheat 
or barley, gag the hog's mouth with a piece of wood and remove the 
beards with forceps. Keep clean cooked wheat before them at all 
times and avoid feeding dry, hard food. 



Sore Feet 

CAUSE. Filth; very common in large hogs when confined to 
hard floors or driven over rough, hard roads or continually kept 
in filthy pens. The tissues of the feet become softened, especially 
those between the claws. Irritation is set up by germs entering the 
abrasions. 

SYMPTOMS. The hog will be noticed going very lame and if 
closely examined, the above conditions will be found. 

TREATMENT. Remove the hogs to clean, dry pens containing 
plenty of clean bedding and wash the affected parts with Dr. Kor- 
inek's Dip and Disinfectant (one part dip and disinfectant to 100 
parts water). Repeat this treatment at least once a day. In case 
the feet are badly inflamed, I would advise the application of hot 
flaxseed meal to the feet. Feed easily digested food, as it adds 
materially in the treatment of infectious wounds. 

Thorn-Headed Worms 

CAUSE. A form of grub that is found in old manure heaps, 
straw stacks and hog lots. The eggs containing embryos of the 
thorn-headed worm is eaten by the white grubs, then the white grub 
is eaten by the hog. The larva of the thorn-headed worm is lib- 
erated by the process of digestion and becomes a parasite of the 
intestines of the hogs, where it develops into a fully matured worm. 
Large numbers of hogs quickly become infected with this parasite 
as they multiply very rapidly. The worms vary from two to twelve 
inches in length and have a whitish color. 

SYMPTOMS. As a general rule a worm can be seen in the feces. 
Other signs are that the hog loses flesh, appetite irregular, constipa- 
tion and then again there may be diarrhoea, especially where there 
are large numbers of worms present. 

TREATMENT. First of all burn all manure or decomposed 
vegetation that the hogs are liable to come in contact with. With- 
hold all food from eighteen to twenty-four hours and give one tea- 
spoonful of oil of turpentine to every one hundred pounds of hog 
weight, or if the hog weighs less than one hundred pounds, doses 
should be given in same proportions as above. Follow this treat- 
ment for three or four consecutive days. Turpentine is easily 
given to hogs as they will drink it in milk when well mixed. Per- 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 117 

haps it is advisable where a large number of hogs are affected to 
divide them into pens of five or ten hogs, as they are less likely to 
get over-doses. Feed laxative food. Clean and disinfect troughs 
and feeding floors. 

Thumps 

CAUSE. Disorders of the digestive system from overloading 
the stomach and causing irritation of the nerves leading to the dia- 
phragm, the membrane that separates the lungs and heart from the 
intestines, stomach, liver and spleen. It is a spasm of this mem- 
brane that causes a hog or pig to have "thumps." Insufficient exer- 
cise. A large number of pigs may become affected at the same time 
when closely confined. 

SYMPTOMS. Jerking of the flanks; the pig or hog becomes 
very weak and stunted in a very short time. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause. In pigs, when first affected, 
careful feeding and exercise will generally affect a cure. In some 
cases where the pigs are very small, it is well to take them away 
from the mother, permitting them to nurse very little. Give them 
castor oil in teaspoonful doses and compel them to exercise. It 
may be necessary to give them Choral Hydrate 10 to 15 minims two 
or three times a day, diluted in a teaspoonful of water. Where the 
pigs will not eat mashes or drink milk, give them medicine by force 
with a teaspoon. 

AFTER TREATMENT. Feed Dr. Korinek's Stock Tonic. It 
contains bitter tonics which are indicated in digestive disorders. 



Whip Worm 



This worm is very uncommon, but is occasionally found in 
large intestines. 

CAUSE. The eggs become imbedded in the manure, bedding, 
etc., and then mix with the feed and drinking water and taken into 
the digestive canal where they develop into matured worms. This 
worm is from one to three inches in length, the hind extremity 
of which is very thin, hence the name, "Whip Worm." 

SYMPTOMS. They produce very little disturbance even 
though present in large quantities, except when other- worms assist 
in irritating the lining membranes of the large intestines. 

TREATMENT. Medical treatment; withhold all food from 
eighteen to twenty-four hours, then give one teaspoonful of gasoline 
thoroughly mixed with milk to every one hundred pounds of hog 
weight. To small hogs reduce the dose in proportion to their weight. 
It is advisable to follow this dose for two or three consecutive days. 
Give food that is easily digested and see that they have fresh water 
to drink. 



H 






Diseases of 



Sheep and Goats 



H 
H 



Cause, Symptoms Sj 

and Treatment §j 

m 
a 

B 
H 




§ By DRS. C. J. & A. W. KORINEK 



H 
H 
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H 
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120 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



7 8 



2.0 18 |9 




POINTS OF SHEEP 



1 


Muzzle 


2 


Mouth 


3 


Nostril 


4 


Lips 


6 


Face 


7 


Forehead 


8 


Eye 


9 


Ear 


10 


Neck 


11 


Shoulder Vein 


12 


Shoulder Top 


13 


Shoulder 


14 


Arm 


15 


Brisket 



10 


Foreleg 


17 


Back 


18 


Loin 


19 


Hip 


20 


Ribs 


21 


Fore Flank 


22 


Belly 


23 


Hind Flank 


24 


Rump 


25 


Leg of Mutton 


20 


Udder or Pouch 


27 


Dock 


28 


Twist 


29 


Hind Legs 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 121 

Black Scours (Strongylosis) 

This is a parasitic disease caused by a small thread-like worm 
which is pink or whitish in color and twisted in shape, measuring 
from one to one and a quarter inches in length. Infection is due to 
animals being pastured on land where the disease has previously 
existed or by introducing a diseased animal into the flock. 

SYMPTOMS. Languor, the animal lags back from the flock, 
shows great stupidity, loss of flesh and excessive diarrhoea; mem- 
branes of the mouth, nose and eyes are pale, owing to the absence 
of blood; swelling may appear in the region of the head and neck; 
there is always great thirst, and the animal becomes so weak that 
at last it falls and is unable to rise. The disease causes great loss 
to sheep owners and every one owning sheep or goats should be 
familiar with the characteristic symptoms of the disease and the 
treatment necessary to control it when it appears. 

POST MORTEM. The muscles after death are found to be 
flabby, bloodless and easily torn. The blood is watery and very 
pale in color. The fourth stomach (Abomasum) and the small in- 
testines contains a chocolate-colored fluid in which are swimming 
myriads of small worms. Unless one is familiar with their appear- 
ance, these worms can only be seen with the aid of a magnifying 
glass. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
Remedy (one tablespoonfdl twice daily) until the desired results 
have been obtained. Change pastures, separating the healthy sheep 
from those diseased. Feed rich food and avoid giving too much 
water. 



Bloating 



The digestive organs of the sheep are similar in construction 
to those of the cow, and, like cattle, they are subject to bloating. 

CAUSE. Usually due to eating green clover or alialfa wet with 
dew or rain. It may, however, be due to indigestion arising from 
some other cause. 

SYMPTOMS. The left flank becomes abnormally large; this 
condition is accompanied by colicky pains, difficult breathing, and 
a- flaw of stringy saliva from the mouth; the animal shows signs of 
great uneasiness. Unless promptly and properly treated, there is 
danger of rupture of the diaphragm (the muscular wall between the 
chest and the abdomen) or the stomach may become so distended 
with gas as to afford no room for the lungs to expand, and the 
animal suffocates. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Anti-Cow Bloat Capsules, as 
directed, and in severe cases it is advisable to put a gag in the mouth. 
This treatment will usually cure the most stubborn case if given 
promptly. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 123 

Catarrh (Bad Cold) 

Sheep and goats are particularly subject to colds and catarrh. 

CAUSE. Usually due to a sudden chill; often caused by shear- 
ing early in the spring before warm weather sets in, or by dipping 
in cold weather, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Watery discharge from the nose and eyes, cough- 
ing, sometimes loss of appetite, quick breathing, and general un- 
thriftiness. 

TREATMENT. Avoid shearing and dipping when the weather 
is cold, and see that the animals are warmly housed. Give one 
tablespoonful of Dr. Korinek's Distemper Remedy, three times daily. 
When the breathing is very difficult, inhalations of steam from hot 
water and turpentine is beneficial (one tablespoonful of turpentine 
in one gallon of boiling water). Sheep are naturally delicate and 
require special care and attention when sick or injured. 



Contagious Foot Rot 



This form of Foot Rot is due to a germ and is usually com- 
municated to the entire flock. 

• SYMPTOMS. The first sign is a slight lameness, and when 
the foot is examined it is found to be red and sore between the toes, 
all four feet may be affected. As the disease progresses sores and 
ulcers form around the top of the foot and discharge a cheesy sub- 
stance very fetid in odor. Animals affected with this disease suffer 
great pain and will lie down most of the time. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause, whatever it may be, if due 
to rocky pastures, remove to soft pastures and if the sheep are too 
numerous to treat separately, build a trough, fill it with a solution 
of Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip (one part dip to fifty parts water), drive 
the sheep through this solution once daily until the feet are entirely 
well. If possible, use Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy; it will give 
quicker results than dip. 

Diarrhoea and Dysentery 

Unusual in old sheep and goats, but quite common to lambs 
and kids. 

CAUSE. The cause may be of an infectious nature or it may 
be the result of improper feeding. 

SYMPTOMS. Watery passages from the bowels and great weak- 
ness; the animals soon become very poor and unthrifty looking. 
The passages finally become tinged with blood, the animal refuses 
food and if not properly treated, will die. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Calf Scour and Cholera 
Remedy as directed and see that the animal is well fed and cared for. 



124 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Foot Rot 

CAUSE. Ordinary Foot Rot may be caused by rocky pastures. 
The feet at first get sore and finally become infected with different 
germs in the interdigital spaces or between the toes, which causes 
great pain and lameness. 

SYMPTOMS. Lameness. Sheep may become so lame that they 
are unable to walk and hobble along on their knees. The hoofs 
become very long and dry and oftentimes crack or break. This 
form of foot rot differs from contagious foot rot in that it is not 
infectious. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause, whatever it may be, if due 
to rocky pastures, remove to soft pastures, and if the sheep are too 
numerous to treat individually build a trough and fill it with a solu- 
tion of Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip (one part dip to fifty parts water), 
drive the sheep through this solution once daily until the feet are 
entirely well. Dr. Korinek's Hoof Remedy gives quick results and 
should be used if possible. 



Grubs in the Head 

CAUSE. Due to a fly (Oestrus Ovis) which attacks the sheep 
during the summer months, depositing its eggs in the nostrils of 
the animals. These grubs make their way up the nasal cavities into 
the sinuses between the eyes and attach themselves to the mucous 
membrane. 

SYMPTOMS. When the sheep are attacked by these flies, they 
run, strike at the nose with the feet, rub the nose on the ground, 
and raise the head in the air. There is a discharge from the nostrils, 
loss of appetite, great weakness and frequent attacks of coughing 
and sneezing. Animals become so weak they reel when they' walk, 
and when no longer able to stand, they lie down and finally die. 

TREATMENT. R is best to prevent the deposit of the larvae by 
smearing the sheep's nose with tar. R is a good plan to make 
troughs to contain salt, boring holes in the sides of the trough large 
enough to admit the nose of the sheep and keep the edge of the holes 
well smeared with tar. The only way to remove the worms is by tre- 
phining; this, however, requires a considerable amount of skill and 
a special instrument. 



Indigestion (Impaction) 

CAUSE. As a result of feeding on dry pastures or eating dry 
foliage, etc., sheep are subject to indigestion and impaction, especial- 
ly where water is scarce. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 125 

SYMPTOMS. Any falling off in condition is very noticeable 
among sheep, as the slightest indisposition is followed by every 
sign of unthriftiness. One of the first symptoms of indigestion is 
loss of appetite, which is always accompanied by loss of appetite; 
irregularities of the bowels, constipation; the animal stands motion- 
less and makes no attempt to eat or drink. 

TREATMENT. If the animal is constipated give one of Dr. 
Korinek's Physic Capsules and rectal injections of warm soapy 
water. When the appetite returns feed laxative food. Remove to 
better pastures or feed moistened food and plenty of pure water. 



Lice 



Different forms of lice affect different animals, but the only 
one that seems to be prevalent in sheep and goats is called Hem- 
atopinus Stenopsis. 

SYMPTOMS. Scratching on rubbing posts, fences, etc., skin 
becomes reddened, the wool is stringy and matted; these lice seem 
to cause more trouble in spring and winter. 

TREATMENT. The treatment depends on the atmospheric con- 
ditions. If the weather is suitable they should be dipped with Dr. 
Korinek's Sheep Dip. If affected in cold weather use Dr. Korinek's 
Lice Powder. 



Lip and Leg Disease (Lip and Leg Ulceration) 

CAUSE. Due to the germ Bacillus Necrophorus, cuts, abrasions, 
and bruises afford channels for infection. 

SYMPTOMS. The disease usually affects the parts which are 
free from hair, as the lips, face, chin, nose, gums and soft palate, 
and sometimes, though less frequently, the legs and feet; the ex- 
ternal genitals of both the ram and ewe are commonly affected. 
The parts are very much inflamed and covered with small pimples 
which spread and unite, forming at last one large scab of a grayish 
color. When this scab is removed the skin beneath is found to be 
ulcerated and tumid, swelling two or three times the normal size. 
The appetite remains good but the condition of the lips is usually 
such that the animal is unable to eat. 

TREATMENT. Prevention is of course the best treatment. 
Keep the sheep free from infection, separating those diseased from 
the rest of the flock. When new animals are to be introduced into 



126 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

the herd, they should first be quarantined for two or three weeks 
to make sure that they carry no infection. Corrals, stables, walls, 
mangers, and rubbing-posts should be thoroughly disinfected, as 
the germs have a marvelous vitality and thrive where least expected. 
For this purpose use Dr. Korinek's Dip, one part dip to seventy 
parts water. 

MEDICINAL TREATMENT. Very good results are obtained by 
removing the scab with a rather blunt stick (avoid using a sharp 
instrument) and applying the following dressing to the parts: Five 
parts Dr. Korinek's Dip, ten parts Sublimed Sulphur, one hundred 
parts mutton or tallow. Apply this dressing with a swab (a cloth 
wrapped around the end of a stick) three or four times a week 
until well. 



Leech or Liver Fluke (Distomiasis) 

CAUSE. Small parasite which invades the bile ducts of the 
liver. This disease is most prevalent in the low bottom-lands, and 
quite uncommon on hill pastures. 

SYMPTOMS. The sheep become thin and weak, the membranes 
of the nose and eyes are pale, bloodless and yellowish in color; loss 
of appetite, and usually swelling of the neck and jaws. The drop- 
pings contain these parasites which are small, flat and leaf-like, and 
about one and one-fourth inches long and one-third of an inch wide. 
Pregnant ewes when affected with this disease will abort. 

TREATMENT. Give calomel, two to ten grains according to 
size and age. Change to uninfested pastures and rich food are es- 
sential. 

Mange in Sheep and Goats 

There are three different kinds of mange but the one affecting 
sheep and which is the most common in the United States is called 
Psoroptes Communis. This variety of mange is plentifully found in 
the Southwestern States. 

SYMPTOMS. Sheep affected with scab parasite are found to 
be restless, biting themselves. Bunches of wool become loosened 
and drop off. If the skin is closely examined the parasite may be 
seen with the naked eye or by scraping the irritated part of the skin 
and putting the scrapings in a bottle in a warm place or in the 
sunshine, when the parasites may be seen crawling on the walls of 
the glass. The back and rump are the parts affected and denuded 
of wool. If animals in this condition are neglected they become 
very poor and finally die. Mange is not only very destructive to the 
animal but spoils the wool in quality as well as to greatly reduce 
the supply. 




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128 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. Dipping is the only treatment that has met with 
success. Most sheep men have large vats to dip their sheep in. 
The sheep should be forced to swim for at least a short distance in 
a solution of Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip, one part dip to seventy parts 
of water. This same treatment should be repeated in ten days. 
Also disinfect the sheep barns or place where the sheep are housed, 
with the above solution, or if possible change to pastures where 
scab is not present. 

Sheep Ticks (Louse Fly) 

These parasites are bloodsuckers and affect mostly the long- 
wool sheep. 

SYMPTOMS. Sheep affected with this parasite rub until the 
skin becomes red. It is more noticeable after shearing. The ticks 
leave the sheep that have been sheared and infest the lamb. 

TREATMENT. The whole flock should be dipped with Dr. 
Korinek's Sheep Dip, one part dip to seventy parts water. Repeat 
the treatment about ten days later and place the sheep in new 
Quarters. The barns or places where the sheep are housed should 
be disinfected with Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip. 

Sheep Pox (Sheep Variola) 

CAUSE. Due to a germ. This disease is not common in the 
United States. 

SYMPTOMS. Chills, fever, temperature as high as 108° F., 
debility, loss of appetite, discharge from the eyes, eyelids swollen, 
discharge from the nose and offensive breath. After a day or two 
a rash appears on the skin followed by vesicles or small elevations 
which finally burst, leaving a small round patch. The disease at- 
tacks such places as the face, inner part of the thigh, under surface 
of the tail, lower chest and belly where the wool is absent. 

TREATMENT. Cleanliness; bathe the affected parts with a 
solution of acetate of lead and give laxative food. If the flies are 
bad, keep the animals in the barn through the day and turn them 
out at night. If the number of animals affected does not admit of 
treating them individually, it may be necessary to dip them. 

Verminous Bronchitis 

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lungs and bron- 
chial tubes, due to small worms. 

CAUSE. Small thread-like worm, about three inches long and 
white in color. Roth sheep and goats are affected by this disease. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 129 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite, the animals become poor and 
unthrifty in appearance. There is usually a cough and accelerated 
breathing due to the plugging of the air passages with worms and 
mucus. The cough becomes more painful as the disease advances 
and the sheep may die of convulsions or suffocation, in some in- 
stances the worms are coughed up. 

TREATMENT. Steaming with medicated vapoi is the only 
treatment that has met with success. Perhaps the most effective 
way of giving inhalations is by placing the sheep in a tightly-closed 
room with a bucket of boiling water containing a tablespoonful of 
oil of turpentine or oil of eucalyptus. This treatment should be 
repeated once a week for three or four weeks. The sheep should 
be left in the room until the coughing is well marked; a man must 
use his own judgment as to the amount they can stand. 



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I Diseases of Poultry I 

Cause, Symptoms g] 

and Treatment jg 

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By DRS. C. J. & A. W. KORINEK H 

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132 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 




POINTS OF THE FOWL 






Beak 


14 


Wing Bow 


1 


Comb 


15 


Wing Coverts, forming Wing 


2 


Face 




Bar 


3 


Wattles 


16 


Secondaries, Wing Bar 


4 


Ear Lobe 


17 


Primaries or Flight Feathers 


5 


Hackle 


18 


Flight Coverts 


6 


Breast 


19 


Point of Breast Bone 


7 


Back 


20 


Fluff 


8 


Saddle 


21 


Thigh 


9 


Saddle Feathers 


22 


Knee Joint 


10 


Sickles 


23 


Shank 


11 


Lesser Sickles 


24 


Spur 


12 


Tail Coverts 


25 


Toes, or Claws 


13 


Main Tail Feathers 







Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 133 

Air Sac Mite 

CAUSE. Produced by a parasite called Cyloditis Nudus, which 
bears a close resemblance to the parasite causing mange or scabies 
in the domesticated animal. Owing to the peculiar construction of 
their breathing organs, fowls are more susceptible to parasites than 
are animals. In addition to affecting the lungs the Air Sac Mite 
may extend its operations to the intestines, kidneys, liver and bones. 

SYMPTOMS. Unthriftiness is first noticed, but after the par- 
asites become numerous the fowl shows signs of difficult breath- 
ing, perhaps terminating in bronchial pneumonia. In some cases 
death occurs without apparent cause. The bird will be inactive, 
become separated from the rest of the flock, comb pale, head drawn 
close to the body, wings hang pendulous, lose flesh, breathing be- 
comes hard, coughing, sneezing and a rattling from the mucous 
in the wind pipe is heard. Death is produced from suffocation. 

TREATMENT. Separate the sick from the healthy fowls. Dis- 
infect coops and runways of both sick and healthy birds with Dr. 
Korinek's Sheep Dip and Disinfectant. Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic 
contains ingredients that are strongly recommended in this par- 
ticular disease. It is advisable to fumigate the fowls in their coops 
with steam from hot water and pine tar. This may be done by 
placing the water and pine tar in a pan and then inserting a hot 
stone or brick in the solution. This is perhaps the simplest form 
of fumigation. I am positive that poultry would be immune from 
this form of parasite if Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera Remedy was 
added to their drinking water occasionally. 

Apoplexy (Haemorrhage of the Brain) 

Due to the rupture of a blood vessel of the brain and pressure 
from the escaping blood. 

CAUSE. Mechanical injuries, straining when laying eggs (hens 
are frequently found dead on the nest from this cause), overfeed- 
ing, stimulating food, etc., all tend to produce apoplexy. 

SYMPTOMS. Appear very suddenly, bird is seen to walk un- 
steadily, falls, or perhaps is found dead. 

TREATMENT. In mild attacks apply cold water or ice to fowl's 
head until thoroughly cooled. Give one-half grain of calomel, feed 
soft food, compel the bird to exercise. Owing to the loss of blood, 
a tonic will be necessary. Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic has med- 
icinal properties that purify and build up the blood. 

Beak and Throat Obstruction 

CAUSE. Lodgment in the beak or food canal of a foreign sub- 
stance, such as a kernel of corn, sunflower seed, bone, etc. 



134 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SYMPTOMS. Fowl jerks its head suddenly, and frequently 
attempts to swallow. If a close examination is made the foreign 
body can be felt from the outside. 

TREATMENT. If obstruction can be seen when fowl's mouth 
is opened it can easily be removed with a tooth pick, clean sharp 
wire or a long needle. If not to be seen, give small quantities of 
olive oil or sweet oil and carefully manipulate the throat with an 
upward movement until obstruction can be seen and removed as 
above described. 

All weak fowls should be given Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic 
as directed on the package. 

Body Lice 

CAUSE. Unsanitary conditions. Communicated by direct con- 
tact. 

SYMPTOMS. Young chicks become emaciated and die quickly. 
Older birds withstand the parasite much longer, but in time show 
signs of uneasiness by dusting themselves frequently. The comb 
and wattles become pale and bloodless, the feathers rough, dry and 
brittle. The birds grow weak, poor and eventually die. 

TREATMENT. Dust the birds with Dr. Korinek's Lice Powder, 
also sprinkle it freely in the dust beds. 



Baldness (Favus) 



CAUSE. Due to fungi similar to that which attacks cats, rab- 
bits and mice. 

SYMPTOMS. The first noticeable sign is the whitish appear- 
ance of the comb, due to gray spots about the size of a pin-head. 
As the disease progresses, this condition spreads to other parts of 
the body; the feathers look rough and dry and break easily. The 
fowl grows weaker, refuses to eat and if not properly treated dies. 

TREATMENT. Remove the scabs by separating the feathers 
and using a brush, and apply Dr. Korinek's Dip (one teaspoonful 
to a pint of water). Repeat this treatment every two days; great 
care must be taken after each application that the fowls do not 
chill. This treatment has proven very successful. 

Black Head (Infectious Entero-hepatitis 
of Turkeys) 

CAUSE. Due to a protozoa taken into the system with the food 
or drinking water. This parasite enters the caeca which become 
inflamed and discolored and the liver is enlarged and studded with 
yellowish spots about the size of a pea. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 135 

SYMPTOMS. Although this disease is termed Black Head, the 
discoloration of the head is not necessarily present in all cases; 
neither is this condition confined to this particular disease. One 
of the first symptoms is loss of appetite, followed in most cases by 
diarrhoea. The fowl becomes weak and loses weight rapidly. 
Examination of the liver after death will determine whether or not 
death has been caused by infectious Entero-hepatitis. The dead 
birds should be burned to prevent the spread of the disease. 

TREATMENT. Prevention is one of the most important factors, 
as the disease is very contagious and the protozoa once implanted 
in the turkey runs is hard to eradicate. Provide clean, light, well- 
ventilated coops and clean, wholesome food, to which add Dr. Kor- 
inek's Poultry Tonic as directed on package. The drinking water 
should contain Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera Remedy; allow no 
other water as it may contain disease germs. Dr. Korinek's Roup 
and Cholera Remedy is a powerful and guaranteed germ killer. 

Bumblefoot, Corns, Deep Bruises, and 
Abscesses 

CAUSE. Sharp-edged or narrow perches which bruise the 
feet or where the perches are high, heavy fowls often injure their 
feet by alighting on stones or other hard objects. 

SYMPTOMS. The bird limps or hobbles about, moving with 
great difficulty. Examination will show the foot to be hot and 
tender to the touch. 

TREATMENT. Wash with clean warm w T ater and apply a hot 
flaxseed poultice; when a soft spot appears, lance with a clean sharp 
knife. If the abscess or bruise is already open, treat antiseptically 
by washing in a solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disinfectant (one 
teaspoonful to a pint of water). The foot should be bandaged to 
keep out the dirt. 

Bronchitis 

CAUSE. Exposure to dampness, cold draughts of air, inhaling 
irritating gases, vapors or dust. The fowls should be carefully 
examined, as bronchitis is occasionally caused by the presence of 
gape worms. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite, the bird moves about slowly, 
breathing with difficulty and making a sort of whistling sound ac- 
companied by a cough. As the disease progresses there will be a 
peculiar bubbling sound when breathing, due to an excessive ac- 
cumulation of mucous in the wind pipe. At this stage of the disease 
the bird becomes very weak and if not properly treated and cared 
for will rapidly lose strength, the feathers will become rough, head 
and wings droop, and the bird dies. 



136 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. This disease is most satisfactorily treated by 
placing the sick birds in warm, dry, well-ventilated quarters; ex- 
clude all draughts of air; feed stale bread, middlings, etc., together 
with Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic moistened with milk. Compel 
birds to drink water containing Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera 
Remedy; it has a soothing effect on the organs of breathing. 



Catarrh — Roup 



CAUSE. Exposure; poorly constructed coops, which admits 
rain or drafts. Weak birds are very susceptible to catarrh. 

SYMPTOMS. The bird is dull, moves about slowly, coughing 
or sneezing; appetite is poor, the mucous membrane of the air pas- 
sage becomes inflamed and the breathing difficult, especially through 
the nose. The discharge from the nostrils at first watery, becomes 
mucous-like and finally thick and sticky, closing the nose, causing 
the bird to breathe wholly through the mouth with a wheezing 
sound. 

TREATMENT. The cause of catarrh shows the necessity of 
clean and comfortable quarters for the fowls. Keep the birds 
strong and vigorous by feeding Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, and 
allow no other water but that containing Roup Remedy. 



Chicken Pox; Sore Head; Warts 

CAUSE. These diseases are due to low forms of parasites or 
fungi and occur most frequently in wet weather, especially if the 
coops are leaky and allow the rain to fall on the droppings, causing 
mold or fungi. Poor ventilation and lack of light also promotes 
the growth of fungi. 

SYMPTOMS. The disease is usually confined to the head and 
affects principally young chickens, pigeons and turkeys, but rarely 
ducks and geese. The infection appears in the form of yellowish 
warts or nodules about the nose, eyelids, comb, wattles, under the 
wings, or any unfeathered places. These warts vary in size from 
that of a pin-head to the size of a pea and they discharge a fluid 
which at first is thin and watery but as the disease progresses it 
becomes thick and sticky, yellow in color and fetid in smell. At 
this stage the appetite is poor, the feathers appear rough, and where 
the eyelids are affected, as in most cases, the bird cannot see, fails 
to eat, becomes emaciated, loses weight and strength rapidly, and if 
not properly treated, dies. 

TREATMENT. The disease is very contagious; therefore the 
coops and runs should be cleaned and disinfected with Dr. Kor- 
inek's Sheep Dip and Disinfectant (one part dip to fifty parts water) 
or a solution of one part carbolic acid to ten parts water. The 
drinking water should contain Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera 




WELL BRED POULTRY 



138 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Remedy; allow no other water. Wash nodules or warts about the 
head with dip, one teaspoonful to a pint of water (this is not in- 
jurious to the eyes). Feed Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic frequently, 
as it contains medicinal values for the treatment of this particular 
disease. 

Congestion of the Liver 

CAUSE. Lack of exercise, overfeeding, tainted or moldy food, 
or poor blood. 

SYMPTOMS. Birds suffering from this disease seldom show 
signs of sickness and it 'is well to dissect the fowl after death to 
ascertain the exact cause. If death is caused by congestion of the 
liver the organ will be greatly enlarged and easily torn. 

TREATMENT. If the fowls are fat and sluggish, compel them 
to exercise by driving them about; also give about fifteen or twenty 
grains of Epsom Salts to .each bird. Follow with Dr. Korinek's 
Poultry Tonic, which purifies the blood and relieves congestion by 
stimulating the circulation. 



Congestion of the Lungs 
(Pulmonary Congestion) . : 

CAUSE. Exposure; the bird chills, causing contraction of the 
blood-vessels near the surface of the body, thereby forcing a large 
quantity of blood to the internal organs; the small blood-vessels in 
the lungs become distended with blood and rupture. 

SYMPTOMS. Rapid and difficult breathing; the bird appears 
stupid and sleepy and does not care to move about; appetite poor, 
wings drooping, plumage ruffled, a thick mucus, colored with blood 
escapes from the mouth, comb and wattles show a dark-red color 
from lack of oxygen in the blood. This disease is of very short 
duration, the bird dying within a few hours. It is very common 
among young chicks and turkeys that are permitted to run out in 
the early spring rains. 

TREATMENT. Medical treatment is impracticable as the 
progress of the disease is so rapid that the bird dies shortly after 
the first symptoms appear. Sanitary surroundings, plenty of light, 
pure air (no drafts) and exercise are essential. Do not allow the 
birds to stand out in the cold or rain, especially during the moult- 
ing season. Keep your poultry strong and vigorous by feeding 
Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 139 

Constipation (Intestinal Obstruction) 

CAUSE. Irritation of the membranes lining the intestines, 
caused by dry feed, glass or gravel; may also be due to parasitic 
worms. Obstruction may occur in any part of the intestines although 
the external opening is the part most frequently affected. 

SYMPTOMS. Bird appears dull and stupid, walks with diffi- 
culty and attempts frequently to expel the obstructing material. 
The appetite is poor and the feathers rough. By examination and 
manipulation the obstruction may be located. Dried masses of ex- 
crement by adhering to the feathers sometimes block the outer open- 
ing of the intestines. 

TREATMENT. Remove the waste matter clinging to the feath- 
ers with warm water or by clipping the feathers. If the cloaca is 
obstructed, give injections of sweetoil or oliveoil with small blunt 
syringe. Also give one or two grains of calomel and feed green 
food and soft mashes containing Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, which, 
by stimulating the worm-like movement of the bowels, assists in 
expelling their contents and prevents constipation. Dr. Korinek's 
Poultry Tonic will also clear the intestines of worms. 

Crop Impaction, Obstruction— Paralysis, 
Inflammation, Catarrh 

CAUSE. Errors in feeding; birds that are not fed regularly 
are predisposed to any of the above conditions; may also be due to 
swallowing large pieces of bone, thread, nails, pins, glass and gravel. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite, frequent attempts to swallow, 
crop greatly distended and hard on pressure; eventually the food 
decomposes and a liquid may escape from the mouth and nose. The 
bird appears dull, stupid and sleepy, comb pale, feathers rough, 
beak open, owing to pressure on the windpipe. If caused by swal- 
lowing sharp objects, they may penetrate the crop and skin, causing 
a gangrenous condition. Grain in the crop will sometimes send out 
sprouts of considerable length. 

TREATMENT. If no sharp objects are present, give two tea- 
spoonfuls of sweet or olive oil; this will lubricate the oesophagus 
and crop. Manipulate upward, forcing the food gently through the 
mouth, adding oil occasionally. If, however, sharp objects pene- 
trate the crop it is best to remove them through an artificial open- 
ing. Clip the feathers from around the intended seat of operation 
and wash the clipped surface with Dr. Korinek's Dip and Disin- 
fectant, one teaspoonful to a pint of water, or a carbolic solution of 
the same strength. The incision should not be over an inch long 
and should be made as high as possible in the center. After re- 
moving the contents of the crop, sew up with ordinary thread and 
needle and wash occasionally with one of the above antiseptic solu- 



140 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

tions. The operation is not difficult and will be successful if the 
crop is not too badly inflamed. After treatment consists in feed- 
ing very little food until the crop is fairly well healed; then feed 
soft bran mashes containing Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, as di- 
rected. The drinking water should contain Dr. Korinek's Roup and 
Colera Remedy; it has a healing effect and relieves catarrhal con- 
ditions of the crop and intestines. 

Diarrhoea — Gastrointestinal Catarrh — 
Gastro Enteritis — Enteritis 

CAUSE. Inflammation of the digestive organs can be traced 
in every instance to the quality and quantity of food or water con- 
sumed. The food or water may contain parasites, or large quan- 
tities of mustard, pepper, or may be moldy or tainted. 

SYMPTOMS. Loss of appetite, the feathers appear rough, the 
crop is sometimes paralyzed and distended with gas, the bird moves 
slowly, the droppings vary in color from a white to a yellow or a 
green and finally become tinged with blood; at this stage there is a 
rise in temperature accompanied by great thirst and signs of pain. 
Mild cases of simple diarrhoea if not properly treated when the 
first symptoms appear, will develop the same severe conditions de- 
scribed above. 

TREATMENT. Determine the cause and remove if possible. 
See that the food is nutritious, the coops well ventilated, and the 
runs well lighted; sunshine is very beneficial. Avoid exposure, 
drafts and dampness. Keep Dr. Korinek's Roup and' Cholera Remedy 
and Oat Meal in the drinking water. Also give two grains of Bismuth 
Subnitrate, mixed with dough and formed into a little pill, every 
six hours. When in addition to the above symptoms, a bloody dis- 
charge is present, give six drops of tincture Catechu every four 
hours. Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic should be mixed with warm 
mashes of bran or oat meal. 

Diphtheritic Roup (Diphtheria) 

CAUSE. Due to a specific germ. The disease is very con- 
tagious and is communicated by direct contact. Great care should 
be exercised therefore when showing or buying birds. Any new 
birds to be added to the flock should be kept in separate pens for a 
week or two to make sure they are in good condition. 

SYMPTOMS. The first symptoms are similar to those of 
catarrh or cold. A clear, watery liquid escapes from the eyes and 
nostrils, the head is drawn in toward the body, the feathers appear 
rough, the breathing fast, the temperature rises from three to five 
degrees above normal. The bird walks about as if blind, sneezing, 
swallowing with difficulty, and showing signs of great weakness. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 141 

If the mouth is opened, small white spots or elevations will be seen 
on the back of the tongue. There may be diarrhoea of a green or 
yellow color. As the disease progresses, the discharge from the 
nose and eyes becomes thick and stringy, obstructing the air pas- 
sages and gathering in large quantities between the eyelids. The 
mouth, throat and tongue are very much inflamed and swollen and 
in most cases it is impossible for the bird to make a sound. Re- 
covery is doubtful after the disease has reached this stage. 

TREATMENT. Isolate the affected birds in clean, warm, light, 
well-ventilated quarters, excluding drafts. Dissolve thirty grains 
of Chlorate of Potash in one ounee of water and one-half ounce of 
Glycerine. To the average-size fowl, give one teaspoonful three or 
four times daily. Also keep Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera Rem- 
edy in the drinking water; it is an antiseptic and disinfectant. When 
the scum about the face becomes loosened, remove it gently; great 
care is necessary to prevent bleeding. 



Double Yolk Eggs 



Eggs are frequently found with two yolks. This condition is 
produced by two ovary capsules bursting at about the same time 
and gaining entrance together into the oviduct where they are con- 
cealed in the same shell. Double-yolked eggs are larger than normal 
and may injure the oviduct when expelled. When hatched they 
produce twins or abnormal chicks. 



Dropsy (Ascites) 



CAUSE. Generally due to irritating, indigestible food, causing 
inflammation of the membranous lining of the intestinal cavity. 

SYMPTOMS. The abdomen becomes enlarged, is tender to tne 
touch, and contains a watery fluid, the movement of wmich can be 
heard in most cases by pressure on the swollen parts. The bird 
appears stupid, the comb pale, and the appetite poor. 

TREATMENT. Unless the bird is' very valuable, it is scarcely 
worth while to treat the case. If treatment is desired, however, 
give one grain of Potassi Iodide and beef scraps containing Dr. 
Korinek's Poultry Tonic twice daily. This will tone the heart and 
kidneys and enable them to throw off the excessive fluid. 

Egg Bound 
(Difficult Laying; Obstruction of the Oviduct) 

CAUSE. Due to the eggs being too large, the bird too fat, or 
to the absence of the secretions lubricating the oviduct. 

SYMPTOMS. The first signs are scarcely noticeable, but soon 
the feathers appear rough, the bird becomes dull and moves slowly, 
making frequent efforts to expel the egg. 



142 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. Remove the egg by injecting sweet oil and as- 
sisting the bird with gentle pressure; in some cases it is well to 
puncture the egg and collapse the shell. If the bird is fat, reduce 
by careful feeding. If the bird is of normal size the trouble is 
probably due to absence of the lubricating secretions of the oviduct, 
in which case give Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, which will over- 
come this condition. 



Egg Eating 



CAUSE. Is usually due to lack of shell-building material in 
the food; in such case the shell of the egg is thin and easily broken 
and the fowl craving the lime contained in the egg shell, naturally 
contracts the habit. 

TREATMENT. Supply ground bone and oyster shells; feed 
green food, such as cabbage, kale, potatoes, carrots, etc. Also feed 
Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic which contains animal charcoal and 
cuttle-fish bone in correct proportion. 

Eggs Without Shells (Soft-Shelled Eggs) 

CAUSE. Deficiency of shell material; or it is possible that 
fright sometimes causes premature expulsion of the egg before the 
shell is formed. 

TREATMENT. Feed Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, which con- 
tains the necessary shell material; it is best mixed in wheat bran. 
Also feed vegetables, such as cabbage, potatoes and carrots. 

Feather Pulling — Feather Eating 

CAUSE. Irritation of the skin due to lice, mites, or to lack of 
exercise and improper food. * 

TREATMENT. Feed meat, bone and vegetables containing Dr. 
Korinek's Poultry Tonic. Place the food where they will be com- 
pelled to scratch and work to obtain it. Also dust the fowls with 
Dr. Korinek's Lice Powder. It not only destroys lice and mites, but 
has such an obnoxious taste that it quickly discourages the feather- 
pulling habit. 

Gapes — Verminous Tracheo Bronchitis 

CAUSE. A red parasitic worm, the male measuring about one- 
fifth of an inch and the female one-half an inch in length. Fowls 
become infected by eating worms containing this parasite or its 
eggs, and by coming in contact with other birds suffering from the 
disease. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 143 

SYMPTOMS. The most noticeable symptom is frequent gaping; 
the gape worms attach themselves by their mouths to the walls of 
the windpipe where they suck the blood which nourishes them; 
they cause irritation and inflammation of the windpipe, bronchial 
tubes and lungs; breathing becomes difficult and the bird loses 
strength rapidly; the windpipe eventually becomes totally obstructed 
and the bird dies from suffocation and exhaustion. Young, weak 
chickens are more susceptible to this disease than strong ones. 

TREATMENT. Separate the sick birds from the healthy ones; 
clean and disinfect the coops and runs; burn all manure; remove 
the worms from the windpipe by the use of a feather from which 
the vane has been stripped, leaving only a small brush at the end. 
Dip the feather into oil of turpentine or coal-oil, removing the 
surplus liquid by drawing between the fingers; insert into the wind- 
pipe (trachea) of the bird and by turning dislodge the worms. Give 
Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholery Remedy; it is a powerful antiseptic 
and will destroy the eggs of the worm, which are generally numer- 
ous in the intestines. Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip is an excellent dis- 
infectant for poultry runs and coops. 



Head Lice 



CAUSE. Result of unsanitary conditions and lack of care. 
Communicated by direct contact with infected birds, or by infected 
coops or brooders. 

SYMPTOMS. The head soon becomes bare of feathers, and also 
sore by being constantly scratched with the feet. If not properly 
treated the chicks weaken and die. ? 

TREATMENT. An ointment made of one part sulphur and four 
parts lard, well mixed and applied two or three times will effect 
a cure. 

How to Feed Young Poultry 

Withhold all food for at least eighteen hours; then feed stale 
bread moistened with boiled milk every three hours. When they 
are three or four days old, feed rolled oats, ground corn moistened 
with pure water, finely chopped meat and boiled vegetables. Feed 
them often and you will be well repaid by their rapid growth, 
strength, and the low death-rate. After they reach the age of one 
week or ten days, watch them closely and regulate their feed to 
their apparent needs. Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic contains animal 
charcoal, cuttle-fish bone, tonics and antiseptics, and added to the 
leed, aids digestion and builds bone and muscle. 



144 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Incomplete Egg (Abortion) 

CAUSE. Irritation of the oviduct; improper secretion of albu- 
men or internal egg-producing material. 

TREATMENT. Careful feeding will overcome this condition. 
Warm wheat bran mashes containing Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic 
will allay the irritation of the oviduct and stimulate the secretion 
of albumen. 

Liver Congestion (Jaundice) 

CAUSE. Obstruction of the bile duct, due to rich, nitrogenous 
food and insufficient exercise. 

SYMPTOMS. Disease is not easily detected. The yellow color 
of the wattles and comb is the first symptom; the appetite is vari- 
able, the feathers appear rough and dry, the head is retracted and 
the bird finally dies owing to the absorption of bile in the blood. 

TREATMENT. Change of food, preferably a vegetable diet. 
Give one grain of calomel. Feed regularly wheat bran containing 
Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic, which is particularly effective in cases 
of sluggish liver. 

Mange (Scabies of the Body) 

CAUSE. Due to a parasite that resembles the mite. 

SYMPTOMS. When the affected bird is closely examined, large 
quantities of scales or scabs are found in the soft feathers. The 
appetite is poor; the bird walks slowly about showing signs of un- 
easiness. If the disease is allowed to run its course, the bird grows 
weak and eventually dies. The disease is easily transmitted, from 
one bird to another and should be treated without delay. 

TREATMENT. Disinfect roosts, coops, and pens with Dr. Kor- 
inek's Dip, one part dip to seventy parts hot water. Dip the birds 
in solution of the same strength and place them in a warm coop 
until thoroughly dry. 

Pip (Inflammation of the Mouth) 

CAUSE. Irritation, injuries or micro-organisms. It is some- 
times caused by nothing more than a dry condition of the mucous 
membrane due to the bird breathing through the mouth when suf- 
fering from respiratory diseases. 

SYMPTOMS. Dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth; 
especially the part covering the tongue, which becomes hard and 
ragged, forming rough edges along its sides. These dried portions 
become loose and partially detached from the tongue, interfering 
with its movements and causing more or less pain and annoyance. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 145 

TREATMENT. Do not forcibly detach these pieces but assist 
nature to remove them; this can be accomplished by mixing gly- 
cerine and water in equal parts and dropping into the mouth with 
an ordinary dropper. Always keep Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera 
Remedy in their drinking water; it will prevent the entrance of 
parasites into the blood when the bird's mouth or tongue is sore 
or irritated. When young poultry is out of condition, drowsy, poor 
or weak, give Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic and note the difference 
in appearance and growth. 



Red Mite 



CAUSE. They grow spontaneously in favorable surroundings, 
as the interior of poultry houses and brooders containing numerous 
cracks and crevices. 

SYMPTOMS. This mite is a blood-sucker, irritates the skin 
and sometimes causes sores to form on the body of the chick. The 
birds grow stupid and weak and die rapidly if not properly treated. 
Older fowls withstand the irritation of mites much longer but do 
not thrive or lay regularly, and will finally die if the insects become 
too numerous. The insect may be transmitted to horses, cattle, and 
even to man. 

TREATMENT. Dust the affected fowl with Dr. Korinek's Lice 
Powder. Paint or spray the interior of coops and brooders, being 
careful that the paint reaches the bottom of all cracks and crevices. 
Also paint the interior of the nests. 



Rheumatism (Leg Weakness, Gout, Paralysis) 

CAUSE. Damp coops and pens, lack of ventilation and im- 
proper food. 

SYMPTOMS. Fowl refuses to stand or walk, and on examina- 
tion the legs are found to be swollen and painful, especially about 
the joints. In some cases suppuration of the joints takes place and 
they become open running sores. The bone finally becomes dis- 
eased and the fowl dies. 

TREATMENT. Preventative measures are the first to be con- 
sidered. See that the pens are dry and the coops clean, dry and 
well-ventilated, but avoid drafts. Feed vegetables and also wheat 
bran mashes containing Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic. When the 
legs are swollen and sore, apply camphorated ointment once or 
twice daily. 



146 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Scaly Leg (Scabies) 

CAUSE. Due to a mite that burrows under the scales of the leg. 

SYMPTOMS. White, scaly-looking scabs form about the upper 
part of the foot. The feet and legs become swollen and painful as 
the disease progresses and if not checked will result in lameness, 
inflammation of the joints, and the toes may slough off. Great 
care is necessary as the disease is very easily transmitted from one 
bird to another. 

TREATMENT. Use boiling water or some strong disinfectant 
on the perches. Wash the feet and legs with warm water and soft 
soap; dry well and apply Carbolic Ointment. Repeat the above 
treatment every other day for a week. 

Sore Mouth — Apthae — Thrush 

CAUSE. A vegetable parasite called Oidium Albicans. 

SYMPTOMS. Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the 
mouth, throat, gullet, and crop, which finally terminates in white 
ulcerations. Other symptoms are swelling of the head, poor appe- 
tite and a rapid loss in weight and strength. 

TREATMENT. Isolate all sick birds from the healthy ones and 
give as much sunlight as possible; feed good nourishing food, such 
as warm oatmeal mashes, kale, potatoes and green food. Keep 
Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera Remedy in the drinking water; 
it saves the time and trouble of washing each individual mouth. 
We guarantee to prevent Aptha and to cure it in its first stages. A 
good disinfectant must be used to prevent the disease from spread- 
ing; Dr. Korinek's Sheep Dip and Disinfectant is warranted to give 
satisfaction. 

Tuberculosis 

CAUSE. This dreaded disease is caused by the Bacillus of 
Tuberculosis. Damp, ill-ventilated and poorly-lighted coops are 
favorable to the development of the disease. 

SY 7 MPTOMS. Except in advanced stages, this disease is not 
easily detected as it affects various organs, and considerable ex- 
perience in post-mortems and a skillful use of the microscope is 
required to successfully diagnose a case. 

TREATMENT. Preventative measures should be taken as the dis- 
ease is incurable. Do not expose the fowls to cold, wet weather. 
See that the coops are well ventilated and lighted and feed no con- 
taminated food. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 147 

Vent Gleet 



CAUSE. Constipation is perhaps the most common cause, the 
hard droppings causing irritation of the vent which is followed by 
inflammation and suppuration of the lining membranes of th rectum 
and oviduct. 

SYMPTOMS. Frequent straining due to irritation. As the dis- 
ease progresses, a pus-like discharge is noticed. The disease may 
extend into the rectum or oviduct. The bird appears stupid, the 
plumage rough, the comb pale, and if not properly treated, dies a 
lingering death. 

TREATMENT. Preventative treatment is the best. Allow green 
food occasionally and warm bran mashes, thus preventing constipa- 
tion. When the bird strains frequently and a discharge is present, 
the following solution should be injected: Sugar of Lead, two drams; 
Zinc Sulphate, one dram; two quarts of water. Inject about one- 
half ounce with a syringe twice daily. 



White Diarrhoea or Fowl Cholera 



CAUSE. Germ (Bacilli of Fowl Cholera) gaining entrance to 
the body through the bowels, lungs or wounds of the skin. Death 
results from toxic material produced while the germs are multi- 
plying. 

SYMPTOMS. All poultry, cage or wild birds are subject to this 
disease. The first symptom is loss of appetite; diarrhoea is present 
and the discharge is almost white in color and tinged with trans- 
parent mucus. The affected bird becomes separated from the flock, 
seems weak and stupid and appears to be asleep; feathers are rough, 
is generally full, owing to improper digestion. The comb is pale 
and bloodless, the temperature rises from three to five degrees 
above normal and the bird loses weight rapidly; it may die with 
convulsions and cries or without a sound or struggle. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Roup and Cholera Remedy in 
the drinking water as directed on package. Also feed Dr. Korinek's 
Poultry Tonic; it contains stimulants and antiseptics that assist 
nature in overcoming the disease. In severe cases of diarrhoea give 
Bismuth Salicylate, one grain three times daily in the feed or made 
into a pill with dough and given by hand. Vaccination of fowls is 
discouraged as it is very costly and difficult of accomplishment and 
different birds require different sized doses. 



148 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Worms 

CAUSE. Few fowls are entirely free from worms. The soil 
over which the chicks are permitted to run may be infected, or the 
food may contain the eggs or embryos of worms. 

SYMPTOMS. The presence of worms in fowls may not be at 
once detected, since only a close observer would notice them in the 
droppings. If the birds eat well but remain poor, and the feathers 
appear rough and the comb and wattles pale, there is reason to sus- 
pect the existence of worms. 

TREATMENT. Preventative treatment is the best. Sprinkle 
the pens and coops regularly with Dr. Korinek's Lice Powder, also 
mix Dr. Korinek's Poultry Tonic with the feed occasionally; it con- 
tains worm destroyer. 



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Diseases of 

The Dog 

Cause, Symptoms 
and Treatment 




By DRS. C. J. & A. W. KORINEK 



3 



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150 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 




POINTS OF THE DOG 



1 


Forehead 


19 


Point of Elbow 


2 


Junction of Nose and Fore- 


20 


Ribs 




head 


21 


Flank 


3 


Nose 


22 


Forearm 


4 


Nostril 


23 


Knee or Wrist 


5 


Muzzle 


24 


Pastern 


(i 


Temple 


25 


Toes 


7 


Ears 


26 


Buttock 


8 


Occiput 


27 


First Thigh 


9 


Posterior Angle of Jaw 


28' 


Stifle 


11) 


Neck 


29 


Second Thigh 


11 


Withers 


30 


Point of Hock 


12 


Saddle 


31 


Front of Hock 


13 


Loins 


32 


Pastern 


14 


Croup 


33 


Toes 


15 


Dewlap 


34 


Cheeks 


16 


Brisket 


35 


Tail or Stern 


17 


Arm 


36 


Sheath 


IS 


Shoulder 


\ 






MAN'S FAITHFUL FRIEND 



152 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Abscess of the Ear (Haematoma) 

A common disorder among certain breeds, especially so in dogs 
with long ears. 

CAUSE. Any minor injury, or an itchy sensation that causes 
the dog to shake his head and flop his ears. 

SYMPTOMS. Swelling, heat, and pain; shaking the head vio- 
lently. On the inner side of the ear a puffy enlargement appears 
which contains a serous fluid, and which causes much pain on 
pressure. 

TREATMENT. Open the abscess and allow the bloody water to 
escape. Dress the wound daily with a solution of one part Iodine 
to five parts water. Fasten the ears to the head by means of a 
bandage or hood to prevent the animal flopping his ear or scratch- 
ing the ears with his feet. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner which 
will purify the blood and keep the bowels in good condition. 

Accumulation of Tartar on the Teeth 

A common condition among pet dogs and a cause of much an- 
noyance to the owner. 

CAUSE. Too much rich food or food that requires no chew- 
ing. 

SYMPTOMS. Teeth are partly covered with a black deposit, 
•and the animal's breath is very offensive. Indigestion is also a 
symptom. 

TREATMENT. Scrape off as much of the tartar as possible, 
and swab out the mouth with a solution of boracic acid. Allow the 
dog to chew bones, hard biscuits, etc., and avoid giving food that 
requires no chewing. 



Asthma (Chronic Bronchitis) 

Dilatation of the air spaces in the lungs. 

CAUSE. Result of a bad cold or lung fever. In house dogs it 
may be due to overfeeding, fatness, or old age. 

SYMPTOMS. Wheezing or difficult breathing and a spasmodic 
cough which is aggravated by exercise; offensive breath; consti- 
pation. 

TREATMENT. A cure is hopeless, but Fowler's Solution of 
Arsenic (about four drops daily) is beneficial. Feed sparingly and 
avoid dust and violent exercise. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 163 

Bronchitis 

Inflammation of the membranes lining the Bronchial Tubes. 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold; in hunting-dogs it is usually due to 
hunting in wet fields and swimming cold streams. 

SYMPTOMS. Coughing, difficult breathing, usually accom- 
panied by fever and a discharge from the eyes; pressure over the 
lungs causes pain. The dog sits upon his haunches with drooping 
head and look of depression. 

TREATMENT. Place the dog in warm, comfortable, well-ven- 
tilated quarters, (jive Dr. Korinek's Dog Distemper Remedy, as 
directed. Apply mustard plaster over the lungs and feed easily 
digested and laxative food. 



Barrenness 

CAUSE. Failure to breed may be due to physical conditions, 
such as overfeeding and insufficient exercise, or on the other hand, 
it may be due to overwork and insufficient supply of food. Forcing 
to breed will cause the same condition and should never be prac- 
ticed. 

SYMPTOMS. The only symptom present is that the animal is 
in heat but fails to conceive. 

TREATMENT. If due to overwork, rest and good food will 
usually bring desired results, while if caused by overfeeding and 
lack of exercise, the dog should be judiciously exercised and fed 
sparingly. Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner acts directly on the gen- 
erative organs and is a great aid in such cases. 

Care of Bitch After Whelping 
(Bringing Forth Young) 

The mother is in a weakened condition; nourishing her puppies 
is also a heavy drain on the system and she requires good care. The 
fetal membrane should be burned or buried at once, for if she eats 
them she is liable to eat her puppies. Supply her with good rich 
food, nice, clean, quiet surroundings, plenty of fresh air. Do not 
allow the animal to be disturbed by the presence of strangers and 
see that she has a moderate amount of exercise. 

Care of New-Born Puppies 

They should have dry, warm, hygienic surroundings, and plenty 
of soft bedding, which should be changed daily the first week; avoid 
unnecessary noise and see that they are not picked up or disturbed. 



154 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Care of the Pregnant Mother 

She should have a moderate amount of exercise daily, and a 
clean, warm place to sleep where she will be quiet and undisturbed. 
Avoid speaking harshly or kicking or abusing her in any way. 
Feed on easily digested food, containing plenty of bone, tendon, 
etc., or the puppies are apt to be undersized and weak; this should 
be avoided by all means, as undersized dogs are readily classed 
with curs. 

Canker 

There are two different forms, one affecting the external ear 
or llap, and the other affecting the internal structure of the ear. 

CAUSE. Filth and dirt; hunting dogs with big ears are subject 
to it; in other dogs it is the result of injury to the head. The con- 
dition is not serious at first, but as the animal flops his ears or 
scratches them with his feet it becomes serious and causes much 
pain. 

SYMPTOMS. The dog shakes his head violently, holding it to 
one side and attempting to scratch the ear with his feet. The ear 
becomes tender, red and moist and has a disagreeable odor; if the 
ear be lightly touched it causes severe pain. 

TREATMENT. Wash the parts thoroughly with warm water 
and apply Dr. Korinek's Mange Remedy. To prevent the dog flop- 
ping his ears and scratching them with his feet, a hood of cloth 
should be made to fit the head and tied on. The ear should be 
dressed daily. Feed laxative food and give Dr. Korinek's Dog Con- 
ditioner as directed upon package. 

Care of the Kennel 

Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of clean- 
liness and the use of disinfectants, especially where new dogs are 
constantly being brought in and others sent out; this will prevent 
the spread of diseases, fleas, mange, etc. For disinfecting kennels 
use Dr. Korinek's Dip, one part dip to 70 parts water. Dr. Xorineit's 
Lice Powder may be used in the bedding to prevent fleas and lice. 

The beds should be kept dry at all times, the sleeping places 
well-ventilated, and, in cold weather, warm and free from drafts. 
Bedding should be changed often and the kennel disinfected several 
times a year. 



Dog Distemper 



An infectious disease peculiar to young dogs. 

CAUSE. Due to a germ which has not been isolated. Unsan- 
itary surroundings and exposure to extreme cold and wet, are con- 
ditions that favor the appearance of this disease. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 155 

SYMPTOMS. Stupidity, lack of spirit, fever, cough, a catarrhal 
discharge from the nose and eyes, which becomes purulent, pasting 
the eyelids together and almost closing the nasal passages. There 
is every sign of unthriftiness; the hair stands and appears dusty, 
the breath is offensive, and the dog loses flesh rapidly. When given 
food he will usually vomit. There are three forms of Distemper: 
the first and most severe affecting the bowels; the second, the res- 
piratory organs; the third, a superficial form affecting the skin. 
The treatment is the same in all cases. 

TREATMENT. Secure warm and sanitary quarters, making the 
patient as comfortable as possible; if he prefers darkness, humor his 
choice. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Distemper Remedy as directed. 
Coax the animal to eat occasionally, but do not attempt to force food 
down his throat unless there is danger of starvation. Boiled rice 
with beef broth or gravy will be relished if the dog is inclined to 
eat. Allow cold water as often as the animal desires to drink but 
not too much at one time. Do not lose sight of the fact that nursing 
plays a very important part in the treatment of this disease. 



Fleas — Pulex Serraticeps 

Fleas thrive remarkably in dirty or filthy places. The laying 
and hatching of eggs is also greatly aided by filth and dirt. The 
flea infests the dog, cat and sometimes man. 

SYMPTOMS. Itching, scratching, redness of the skin, etc. 

TREATMENT. Use the same treatment as described under 
lousiness. 



Fits (Epilepsy) 



A nervous disease quite common in the bitch after whelping, 
and in puppies when teething, or affected with worms. 

CAUSE. In the mother it is usually due to constipation, in- 
sufficient exercise and nursing too many young; in puppies it is 
caused by worms or teething. 

SYMPTOMS. Intervals of excitement alternating with periods 
of stupidity, followed by restlessness and convulsions. The animal's 
legs become rigid; he foams at the mouth, champs the jaws and 
may bite anyone who attempts to pick him up or soothe him; in 
many instances the dog bites his own tongue. After the spasms or 
convulsions are past the animal seems dazed and seeks a dark place 
to lie down. 



156 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Physic, according to 
size and age, as directed. Keep the dog quiet and allow him to fast 
for two da\s. Give the following when the condition first appears. 
Rx. 

Potassii Bromidum, ozs., 1. 
Mix and make 5 gr. capsules. 
Sig. to old dogs, give two capsules and to puppies one capsule, 
three times daily. 

Alter treatment give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner. 

Goiter (Bronchocele) 

CAUSE. An enlargement of a ductless gland, very common to 
dogs, especially puppies, and usually indicates lack of food and 
proper care, although sometimes well-kept puppies suffer from 
Goiter. It is often associated with rickets; if this is the case, it is 
probable that the mother was not properly cared for during preg- 
nancy. 

SYMPTOMS. Enlargement in the region of the throat, signs of 
unthrifliness, stupidity, sleepiness; puppies sometimes die without 
warning, from suffocation caused by pressure of the growth upon 
the windpipe. 

TREATMENT. Clip the hair from the part and apply the fol- 
lowing. 

Tincture of Iodine dr. 2 

Potassium Iodine dr. 2 

Lanolin Ad qs oz. 1 

Mix and apply twice a week. 

In addition to the above, feed the mother rich food; also lime 
water, one teaspoonful to a pint of milk; this may also be given to 
the puppies if they are weaned. Allow plenty of bones to knaw on 
and see that they have sufficient exercise and are kept clean. 





How to Give the Dog a Pill 

With the left hand grasp the nose, push the cheeks between 
the molar teeth until the mouth is well opened; then with the right 
hand forefinger push the pill down the throat as far as possible and 
hold the mouth closed for a few seconds. Sometimes it is advis- 
able to rub the throat downward to cause swallowing. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 157 

Inflammation of the Bowels (Enteritis) 

Very common in dogs but often incorrectly diagnosed. 

CAUSE. Impaction; or strangulation of the bowels due to play- 
ing, irritating medicine, or indigestible food. Sometimes due to 
vermifuge medicines given for worms. In hunting dogs it is often 
caused by severe cold and exertion. 

SYMPTOMS. Chills followed by high fever; nose is hot and 
dry. In the first stages there are signs of colic; the animal lies 
flat on his side and cries; appears stupid and uninterested in things 
about him. The bowels fail to move, the urine is scanty, and tne 
tail is drawn close to the body. 

TREATMENT. Except in the first stages of the disease, treat- 
ment is unsuccessful; gangrene usually sets in and death results. 

Injections of warm soapy water several times daily are bene- 
ficial. Also give the following: 

Rx. 

Tincture Opii dr. 2 

Fluid Extracts of Belladonna dr. 4 

Aqua Chlorof ormi ad qs oz. 2 

Mix. Sig: One teaspoonful every four hours. 

Inflammation of the Bag (Mammitis) 

CAUSE. Common in the bitch and due to injury and exposure 
when nursing her young. 

SYMPTOMS. High fever; the bag becomes hot, swollen, and 
red, and is very painful to the touch; the milk may be bloody and 
sometimes contains pus. 

TREATMENT. Remove the cause. The puppies should be 
weaned at once as the milk is unwholesome and nursing is injur- 
ious to the mother. Apply Belladonna Liniment two or three times 
daily; feed laxative food and give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner. 

Indigestion 

CAUSE. A common disorder and due to overfeeding or insuf- 
ficient exercise. May also be due to worms or any food that affects 
the digestion, as candies, sweets, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Fetid breath, bloating, loss of appetite, dullness. 
The dog vomits frequently and often eats grass to assist in emptying 
the stomach. In some cases there are signs of colic. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Physic as directed and 
rectal injections of warm water, and after the bowels have become 
normal, give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner. Do not attempt to 
force the animal to eat; as a rule it does no good and may do harm. 

Lousiness 

(Phthiriasis) 

CAUSE. Dogs coming in contact with infected dogs or animals. 

SYMPTOMS. The dog invariably scratches and bites himself. 
The skin becomes very red and irritated and in long haired or 
shaggy dogs the hair becomes matted. 



158 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

TREATMENT. Very beneficial results are derived from the use 
of Dr. Korinek's Lice Powder, although in some cases it is necessary 
to use Dr. Korinek's Dip or some other antiseptic, but a 5 per cent, 
solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip applied with a sponge will usually get 
the desired results, although some cases have been treated by im- 
mersing the dog into a 5 per cent, solution of Dr. Korinek's Dip. 
It is very necessary to disinfect the sleeping place of the dog as well. 



Lung Fever 



Inflammation of the lungs. 

CAUSE. Exposure to cold and wet; swimming in cold water 
or hunting in wet fields. 

SYMPTOMS. Coughing, high fever, loss of appetite, peculiar 
manner of breathing, the cheeks are alternately drawn in and puffed 
out at every breath. The animal's ears droop; he sits upon his 
haunches, seldom if ever lying on his side. 

TREATMENT. Place in a comfortable place free from cold or 
draft; give Dr. Korinek's Dog Distemper Remedy, as directed; 
apply a mustard plaster over the lungs. Allow plenty of fresh 
water and rich food of a laxative nature. 

Piles 

(Hemorrhoids) 

CAUSE. Old age, habitual constipation and weakness. 

SYMPTOMS. Small elevations or boils on the anus, which be- 
come hard and inflamed. The dog usually slides about on his hind 
quarters. 

TREATMENT. Flush the rectum with warm, soapy water; 
feed laxative food and give Dr. Korinek's Dog Physic, as directed. 
After the bowels become normal, give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner, 
which will keep them in good condition and prevent further trouble, 
if the animal is not too old. 



Retention of Milk 

CAUSE. May be due to the bitch becoming pregnant and if this 
is the case the puppies should be weaned at once and the bag given 
careful attention, as hard lumps or concretions are apt to form in 
the teats which will obstruct the flow of milk and perhaps result 
in abscess, which will necessitate an operation. 

TREATMENT. Milk out the bag thoroughly and massage well 
twice daily. Beneficial results will be obtained from the use of 
Dr. Korinek's Liniment. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 159 

Rickets 

Malformation of the bone which becomes soft and flexible, 
causing the affected part to appear out of proportion to the body. 

CAUSE. Due to the absence of lime salts in the bone which, 
instead of being hard and firm, is porous and pliant. Feeding an 
undue amount of fatty food to the mother will invariably cause 
Rickets in the puppies. Breeding related parents also has a tendency 
to produce Rickets in the offspring. 

SYMPTOMS. Joints are extremely enlarged and seem to bend 
under the animal's weight. The bones of the head bulge and appear 
out of proportion to the rest of the body. In some cases the hocks 
of the legs come in contact with the ground when the animal walks. 

TREATMENT. In puppies: plenty of good milk to which has 
been added lime water, one teaspoonful of lime w T ater to a pint of 
milk. Cod liver oil is very beneficial, strengthening the animal 
and regulating the bowels. Sanitary surroundings and plenty of 
exercise are very necessary. If the puppies are nursing, give the 
mother cod liver oil and lime water also, and rich food. 

Sore Throat 

(Laryngitis) 

Inflammation of the membranes lining the throat or larynx. 

CAUSE. Irritating medicines, exposure to cold, injury from 
kicks, blows, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. Coughing, hacking and vomiting and every ap- 
pearance of unthriftiness. ' 

TREATMENT. Keep in a clean, comfortable place, free from 
dust and cold. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Distemper Remedy as di- 
rected, and feed easily-digested food. 



Strychnine Poisoning 



CAUSE. Usually given intentionally by some person wishing 
to kill the animal; often given in meat. 

SYMPTOMS. The first sign of strychnine poisoning is a sud- 
den attack of spasms or convulsions. The muscles of the body 
become stiff, the animal is very excitable; in some cases the lips 
are drawn back and the dog shows his teeth. The spasms return at 
intervals, until the animal dies. 

TREATMENT. Remove to quiet surroundings, preferably some 
dark corner where there is absolutely no noise; the stomach should 
be emptied at once, before too much of the poison has been ab- 
sorbed by the system. Apomorphine 1/10 gr. injected under the 
skin will give desired results quickly, but if this is not at hand, 
give mustard and warm water. After the stomach has been emptied, 
try to induce sleep by chloroform, ether, or other sleep-producing 
agents until the spasms are over. 



160 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Sore Mouth 

CAUSE. Eating sharp bones or playing with hard objects or 
biting the tongue during an attack of convulsions. Teething causes 
sore mouth in puppies. 

SYMPTOMS. Saliva flows freely from the mouth; the animal 
is usually unable to eat and when the mouth is examined, the mem- 
brane is found to be bruised or lacerated. 

TREATMENT. Wash the mouth well with a solution of boracic 
acid, several times daily; give Dr. Korinek's Dog Conditioner, as 
directed and feed laxative food. 

Salmon Poisoning in Dogs 

A common disease and one that usually proves fatal if not 
treated properly. 

CAUSE. The fresh water salmon carries the parasite which 
produces the disease and when the fish is eaten uncooked by the 
dog, it results in Salmon Poisoning. 

SYMPTOMS. The first signs of disease appear about the ninth 
or tenth day after the fish has been eaten. The dog lies down most 
of the time, refuses food but drinks an abundance of water, which 
is usually followed by excessive vomiting. He lies curled up and 
shows signs of colic; the movements of the bowels are accompanied 
by pain and straining and the passages are very offensive in odor. 
The bowels are loose at first but usually become constipated as 
the disease progresses, although in some cases bloody diarrhoea 
continues from the onset until recovery or death. The dog becomes 
very poor and the membranes of the eyes and mouth are pale and 
bloodless. The fever is high at the beginning of the disease but 
the temperature falls below normal later and continues so until 
the finish. 

TREATMENT. The sooner the dog receives treatment, the better 
are his chances for recovery. Give Dr. Korinek's Salmon Poison 
Remedy as directed on package and according to size or age and 
repeat every six hours. Avoid giving water immediately after the 
dose, as this occasions vomiting and the medicine is lost. Allow 
plenty of cold water at all other times, however, and when the 
appetite returns, give soft and palatable food such as boiled rice 
seasoned with beef broth or gravy, which is very nourishing. 

Vomiting 

Expulsion of the contents of the stomach. 

CAUSE. May be caused by indigestion, in which case the dog 
usually eats grass, this being nature's way of emptying the stomach. 
Worms are a common cause in puppies. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 161 

TREATMENT. If due to indigestion the dog should be starved 
for a day or two, as it is almost impossible for the animal to retain 
medicine until the stomach is relieved of the irritant, whatever 
it may be. Give Dr. Korinek's Conditioner, which will correct in- 
digestion and feed easily digested food, such as boiled rice and beef 
broth, but avoid cooked meats, bones, etc. If the trouble is due to 
worms, give Dr. Korinek's Dog Worm Remedy as directed. 

Worms 

Dogs are more subject to worms than any other animal and the 
symptoms are very well-marked in most cases. These symptoms in 
general are: Irregularity of the bowels, colic and large belly, nerv- 
ousness, appetite is irregular, hair stands and has a very unthrifty 
appearance. The dog becomes very poor at the expense of feeding 
so many worms. In some cases the dog may whine and even have 
convulsions or fits. Sometimes the worms work their way into 
the stomach and are expelled while vomiting. Sometimes worms 
are passed with the feces and in this case dogs usually slide around 
on their hind parts. 

TREATMENT. In the treatment of worms in dogs, no matter 
what species they may be, the dog should be isolated or at least tied 
up during treatment. Withhold all food for twenty-four hours and 
give Dr. Korinek's Dog "Worm Remedy. To puppies give one capsule, 
to dogs the size of Fox Terriers, two capsules, to dogs the size of 
pointers and setters three capsules, to dogs the size of a St. Rernard 
four capsules. This treatment should be repeated in ten days. All 
feces or manure that is expelled during the treatment should be 
burned or buried deeply to prevent further spread of the worm. 



Tape Worm 



There are several different varieties of the Tapeworm. Each 
will be described separately. 

Tape Worms of the Dog 

(Taenia Marginata) 

This is one of the most common tapeworms of the dog; sheep 
dogs being usually affected. 

The head of the worm is wider than the neck. The worm at- 
tains the length of about five or six feet and is composed of small 
segments. 

LIFE HISTORY. The ripe segments become detached and pass 
out with the feces or droppings of the dog. These segments soon 
become decomposed and myriads of ova are liberated and are 
spread by the rain, depositing themselves upon the blades of grass 
or in pools of water and are consumed by sheep. Upon reaching 



162 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

the stomach the ovum hatches into a real erabyro and penetrates 
the walls of the stomach and invades the tissues of the liver where 
it passes a portion of its life cycle, where it finally terminates into 
a larva. Later it passes from the liver and becomes lodged in the 
peritonal cavity, where it forms a cyst the size of a hen's egg, taking 
about two hundred and fifty days to accomplish building a complete 
cyst and is called a cysticercus tenuicollis. When this cyst is de- 
voured by the dog, the larva is liberated in the digestive organs and 
upon passing out of the intestines, becomes attached therein and 
develops into an adult tapeworm in about four or five months. 

SYMPTOMS. When the dog is infested by a great number of 
these worms, digestion is materially affected, irregularity of the 
bowels, as well as indigestion, nervousness and unthriftiness. 

TREATMENT. In case the dog be a valuable one, he should 
have special care and good treatment. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog 
Worm Remedy as directed, according to size and age. This treat- 
ment, in most cases, should be repeated in ten days. If the dog is 
not considered valuable, he should at once be put out of his misery 
and prevent further spread of the dreaded condition. 

Tenia Echinococcus 

One of the worms that ordinarily infest the dog and is found in 
forty-five to fifty per cent, of post-mortem examinations of dogs. 
About one per cent, of the hogs slaughtered are found to be affected 
with a cystic form. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORM: One-fifth to one-fourth inch 
in length and very slender, consists of four segments, the worm being 
about four or five times as long as it is wide. Dogs affected with 
this worm scatter the segments about the pastures and are spread 
by the rain, depositing themselves upon the blades of grass or in 
pools of water where they infest the intermediate host, which is 
usually hogs, sheep, oxen, or man. The segments of this worm when 
scattered upon the ground in the droppings of the dog, decay and 
liberate myriads of ova and when consumed by eating grass or 
drinKing contaminated water, they reach the stomach and a small 
embyro is liberated which passes through the tissues of the body 
and becomes lodged in some of the organs, usually the liver or 
lungs, where it undergoes various changes and finally reaches the 
larva form. In about five months it becomes a cyst and attains the 
size of about one inch in diameter, being filled with a colorless, 
poisonous fluid. Development of this cyst goes on till they become 
so numerous as to resemble a cluster of grapes. Thpse cysts are 
called "Echinococcus Polymorphus and are capable of maintaining 
their vitality for many years and dogs consuming these cysts be- 
come carriers of mature worms. 

SYMPTOMS. When the cysts affect hogs, sheep, oxen or man 
the organs affected are naturally interfered with, which causes a 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 163 

great loss of flesh, loss of appetite, jaundice, swellings of the head 
and neck and if cysts are formed in the brain it causes mental 
disturbance. 

SYMPTOMS IN A DOG. Indigestion, nervousness, stupor and 
sleep, gradual loss of flesh and every appearance of being unthrifty. 

TREATMENT OF THE DOG. If the animal is considered valu- 
able he should be treated so. Give Dr. Korinek's Worm Remedy as 
recommended. Treatment should be repeated within ten days. 
Through the w T hole course of treatment the dog should be isolated 
so as to avoid scattering the segments of the worm. The feces or 
droppings must be burned or buried deeply to prevent further 
spreading of the malady. If the dog is worthless, he should be pui 
out of his misery and buried deeply to discontinue scattering the 
malady. 

Tenia Serialis 

Quite uncommon in the United States, but reported prevalent 
in European countries. This worm infests the dog and the larva, or 
the cystic form, infests rabbits and rodents. 

Symptoms and treatment are the same as other species of the 
tapeworm. 

Tenia Ganina 

(Tenia Cucunierina) 

This worm is very common to the dogs in the United States 
and especially so in the Middle West. It is composed of segments 
and the worm attains the length of about six to twelve inches. The 
adult worm infests the dog and the larva or cystic form infests 
the flea or louse of the dog. The dog becomes infested by biting 
himself when being annoyed by fleas or lice. The puppies usually 
become infested by nursing the mother. The eggs are taken into 
the mouth and are hatched in the intestines. 

The treatment of this species of tapeworm is the same as the 
ordinary tapeworm, but great care should be taken to burn or dis- 
infect the quarters where the dog has been treated to prevent re- 
infestation. 

Tenia Corenurus 

This worm is quite uncommon in the dog in the United States, 
but said to be common in Europe. The adult infests the dog and 
the larva form infests sheep and rarely cattle, causing "Gid" or "Turn 
Sickness." 

Symptoms and treatment of the dog infested with this form of 
tapeworm are the same as preceding species. 



164 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Tenia Serreta 

This species of worm infecting dogs, is indeed, very common 
in the United States. The surface of the worm, as the name indi- 
cates, is serrated, or saw-like in form. It is composed of segments 
about one-half inch long. The length varies greatly. The adult 
worm infests the dog and the larva or cystic form infests rabbits, 
causing cysts in the peritoneal cavities or membranes that line the 
abdominal cavity. The cysts are called Cystercurcus Pisiformis. 
The dog becomes infested by eating infested rabbits; the rabbits 
become infested by picking up the ova on green vegetation, etc. 

Symptoms and treatment are the same as Tenia Eschinococcus. 

Round Worms 

There are several species of round worm in the dog and each 
will be described separately. 

Ascaris Marginata 

(Maw Worm) 

This is one of the most familiar worms that infests dogs. The 
worms are about two inches long and are found in the small in- 
testines. About forty-five per cent of dogs have these worms, 
although they may not show symptoms; nevertheless, when the post- 
mortem examination is held we find these worms present, even in 
old dogs. 

SYMPTOMS. The writer has seen worms so numerous as 10 
cause a complete closure of the bowels. The worms are occasionally 
passed out with feces and sometimes they work their way into the 
stomach and are forced out when vomiting. Frequent colicky pains; 
the belly becomes abnormally enlarged and the hair is very un- 
thrifty. The animal is usually very poor and has a ravenous 
appetite. 

TREATMENT. After fasting for twenty-four hours give Dr. 
Korinek's Worm Remedy: To puppies one^apsule, dogs the size of a 
1 ox Terrier two capsules, dogs the size of Pointers and Setters three 
capsules, and dogs the size of a St. Rernard, four capsules. Keep 
the animal isolated while being treated and repeat the treatment in 
ten days. All fecal matter and manure where dogs have been treated 
should be disinfected and the bedding, etc., burned. 

Uncinaria Ganina 

This is a very common species infesting dogs, and is quite fatal 
to puppies. It is threadlike in form, white in color and from one- 
half to three-quarter inch long. Life history of this worm is similar 
to preceding species. The adult worm infests the dog, cat and fox. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 165 

SYMPTOMS. Causes more pain, perhaps than any other worm 
infesting puppies. There will be much whining, bloating and de- 
rangement of the digestive organs, diarrhoea, loss of appetite and 
nervousness. The animal becomes poor and may succumb to the 
disease if relief is not afforded. 

TREATMENT. Give Dr. Korinek's Dog Worm Remedy capsules 
as directed upon package and following with a physic. Repeat this 
treatment again in ten days. All the necessary precautions in the 
treatment of dogs infested with worms should be practiced. 

Trichocephalus Depressiuisculus 

(Sometimes called the Whip Worm.) 

Fortunately this worm does not affect the dogs of this country 
to any great extent. The worm, as the name indicates, is "whip" 
shaped, the tail being coiled up like a watch spring. It measures 
from one and one-quarter inch to one and one-half inch in length 
and infests the large intestines. No doubt the dog picks up the ova 
as he hunts or smells about upon the ground, getting the eggs into 
his mouth and later they are hatched in the intestinal tract. 

Under favorable conditions of warmth the ova of this worm 
will hatch in from five to six months. 

SYMPTOMS. The dog becomes anemic, or the membranes 
lining the mouth and eyes become very pale. The animal is very 
thirsty, there is always derangement of the digestive organs, con- 
stipation and sometimes diarrhoea, but most likely the latter. 

TREATMENT. Same treatment is used as for the Uncinaria 
Canina. 



Whelping 



Keep the mother in a quiet room, free from noise or excitement 
of any kind. When the puppies are born, they should be kept warm, 
dried if necessary and encouraged to nurse as soon as possible. 



Useful 
Information 

For the Farmer 




168 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

RESPIRATION. 

The number of respirations per minute varies witn the different 
classes of animals; as a rule, the larger the animal, the slower the 
respiration. 

The Horse 8 to 10 

Cattle 12 to 15 

Sheep and Goats 12 to 20 

The Dog , 15 to 20 

Swine 10 to 15 

The rate of breathing is increased from the processes of diges- 
tion immediately after eating, or may increase from exercise. 



NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF THE HORSE. 

From 2 to 5 years old the temperature is 100-6° Fahr. 
From 5 to 10 years old the temperature is 100-4° Fahr. 
From 10 to 15 years old the temperature is 100- ° Fahr. 
From 15 to 20 years old the temperature is 98.4 to 100-2° Fahr. 
Sex appears to slightly influence temperature: 

Stallion 100° Fahr. 

Mare 100.8° Fahr. 

Gelding 100.4° Fahr. 

The time of day when temperature is taken is important, the 
lowest body temperature being at 4 a. m., and the highest at 6 p. m. 
New born foals' temperature will run from 102° to 104° Fahr. 



TEMPERATURE OF CATTLE. 

Normal temperature is from 101.8° to 102° Fahr. Compared 
with the horse the daily variations are small. 



TEMPERATURE OF SHEEP AND GOATS. 

In these animals the greatest variation in temperature occurs, 
viz.: 100.9° to 10o.8° Fahr. In the majority of cases the tem- 
perature probably will be between 103.6° to 104.4° Fahr. The 
cause of this variation is unknown. 



TEMPERATURE OF SWINE. 

The average temperature is 103.3° Fahr., varying from 100.9 c 
to 105.4° Fahr. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 169 

TEMPERATURE OF THE DOG. 

The dog is subject to important variations depending on the 
external temperature; it varies from 99.5° to 103° Fahr, Feeding 
will increase the temperature, and it is also higher toward even- 
ing. 



PULSE THRORS PER MINUTE. 

The Horse 36 to 40 

Cattle 45 to 50 

Sheep and Goats 70 to 80 

The Dog 90 to 100 

Swine 90 to 100 

The pulse in the young is much more rapid than in the adult 
animal; that of a foal at birth beats 100 to 120 per minute, while 
that of a calf will go to 130 per minute. In old age the pulsation 
becomes reduced and the arteries much weaker. The pulse rate 
in large animals is less than in smaller ones, as for instance, an 
elephant's pulse rate is from 25 to 28 beats per minute. The more 
rapid the pulse, the greater the quantity of blood in circulation. 



THE AGE WHEN DIFFERENT ANIMALS COME INTO 
HEAT (PURERTY). 

Mare 15 to 24 months 

Cow 8 to 12 months 

Sheep and Goats 6 to 8 months 

Sow _ 4 to 5 months 

Bitch 6 to 8 months 

Cat 7 to 8 months 

The time of year the different animals come into heat (Oestrum) 

Mare, April to July Duration 1 to 7 days 

Cow, any time but usually spring Duration 1 to 2 days 

Sheep and Goats, September (Dorset Horns 

twice yearly) Duration 1 to 2 days 

Sow, any time and twice a year Duration 2 to 3 weeks 

Bitch, any time and twice a year Duration 2 to 3 weeks 

Cat, any time and three times a year Duration indefinite 

The length of time the mothers carry their young (Gestation). 

Mare Eleven months 

Cow Nine months 

Sheep and Goats Five months 

Sow Four months 

Bitch Nine weeks 

Cat Fifty-six to sixty days 



170 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

AVERAGE PERIOD OF INCUBATION. 

Chicken 20 to 22 days Guinea Fowl 28 days 

Geese 28 to 34 days Pheasant 25 days 

Duck 28 to 30 days Ostrich 40 to 42 days 

Turkey 27 to 29 days Canary Bird 14 days 

Pigeon 18 days 



SOME FACTS ABOUT STOCK FOOD. 

Water is contained in all foods and feeding stuffs. The amount 
varies from 8 to 15 pounds per 100 pounds of such dry materials 
as hay, straw, or grain, to 80 pounds in silage and 90 pounds in 
some roots. 

Dry matter is the portion remaining after removing or exclud- 
ing the water. 

Ash is what is left when the combustible part of a feeding stuff 
is burned away. It consists chiefly of lime, magnesia, potash, soda, 
iron, chlorin, and carbonic, sulphuric, and phosphoric acids, and is 
used largely in making bones. Part of the ash constituents of the 
food is stored up in the animal's body; the rest is voided in the 
urine and manure. 

Protein (nitrogenous matter) is the name of a group of sub- 
stances containing nitrogen. Protein furnishes the materials for the 
lean flesh, blood, skin, muscles, tendons, nerves, hair, horns, wool, 
casein of milk, albumen of eggs, etc., and is one of the most important 
constituents of feeding stuffs. 

Gluten is the name given to one of the most important of the 
nitrogenous substances classed together under the general term 
"protein." "Wheat gum," obtained by carefully chewing wheat, is 
a familiar example. It is the gluten of flour that gives consistency 
to the dough. 

Carbohydrates — The nitrogen-free extract and fibre are often 
classed together under the name of carbohydrates. The carbohy- 
drates form the largest part of all vegetable foods. They are either 
stored up as fat or burned in the body to produce heat and energy. 
The most common and important carbohydrates are sugar and 
starch. 

Fibre, sometimes called crude cellulose, is the framework of 
plants, and is, as a rule, the most indigestible constituent of feeding 
stuffs. The coarse fodders, such as hay and straw, contain a much 
larger proportion of fibre than the grains, oil cakes, etc. 

Nitrogen-free extract includes starch, sugar, gums, and the like, 
and forms an important part of all feeding stuffs, but especially of 
most grains. 

Fat, or the materials dissolved from a feeding stuff by ether, is 
a substance of mixed character, and may include, besides real fats, 
wax, the green coloring matter of plants, etc. The fat of food is 
either stored up in the body as fat or burned to furnish heat and 
energy. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 171 

FARM BARN HINTS. 

Pull the plug from the pump pipe before heavy freezing comes. 
It will save thawing out the pump some frosty morning, or perhaps 
the price of a new pump. 

The cattle need not stand at an empty trough on a hot day if 
you pump with a gasoline engine. 

If you give the boy a calf, let him do the selling, and let him 
use the money. A hint that he buy two or three pigs or another calf 
might start him right. 

Oil the hayfork carrier and pulley blocks before starting to fill 
the mows. 

Your victuals are flat if not seasoned with salt. The cattle have 
a sense of taste too. 

Some horses had rather stand up all night than lie on a hard, 
bare floor. They'll do better work next day if you bed them well 
at night. 

Good cows are often as particular about their bed. 

It costs many bushels of corn to keep poorly sheltered hogs 
warm with their own body heat. It's cheaper to build a warm hog 
house. 

Pet the colt. It helps to make a gentle horse. 

Your stock will look better inside a good barnyard fence. 

Feed the calf warm milk direct from the cream separator. Don't 
forget the handful of oil meal to replace the butter fat. 

Keep the cats at the barn. When the cats are away the mice 
will play havoc in the feed bin. 

If the Monday dinner is late, perhaps the wife is doing the work 
of a gasoline engine in turning the washer and wringer. 

You are repaid for keeping a well cultivated garden when meal 
time comes. 

If you are having a "streak of bad luck" improve your farm 
management. 



TO REMOVE DAMPNESS AND MOULD IN CELLARS. 

(Colorado Agricultural College) 

"When a cellar or basement becomes objectionably damp the 
condition may be corrected by placing anhydrous calcium chloride 
about in old tin cans. A pound of the salt is sufficient to treat a 
large cellar. 

The moisture, being absorbed by the chloride collects in the 
tins. However the salt is not thus rendered useless, but, after the 
moisture is driven off over a strong fire, may be used again. 

To destroy mould in a cellar, grind unslaked lime to a fine 
powder and dust it over the infested walls and blow it into cracks 
and crevices. 



172 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

FIRST AID TO THE INJURED. 

Burns and Scalds. — Cover with cooking soda and lay wet 
cloths over the injured part. Household ammonia applied imme- 
diately is excellent. Other remedies are: White of egg and olive oil. 
Olive oil or linseed oil plain or mixed with chalk and whiting. Sweet 
or olive oil and lime water. 

Lightning. — Dash water over the person struck. 

Sunstroke. — Loosen clothing. Get patient into the shade and 
apply ice-cold water to the head. Keep the head in elevated position. 

Stings of insects. — Apply weak ammonia, oil, salt water, iodine. 

Mad Dog or Snake Bite. — Tie a cord tightly above the wound. 
Suck the wound and cauterize with caustic or white-hot iron imme- 
diately, or cut out adjoining parts with sharp knife. Give stimulants 
— whiskey or brandy being the most effective. 

Fainting. — Place flat on back. Allow fresh air to circulate, and 
sprinkle with water. Place the head lower than the rest of the body. 

Cinders in the Eye. — Rub the other eye. Roll soft paper up like 
a lamp-lighter and wet the tip to remove, or use a medicine dropper 
to draw it out. 

Fire in One's Clothing. — Don't run— especially not downstairs 
or out of doors. Roll on a carpet, or wrap in a woolen rug or blan- 
ket. Keep the head down, so as not to inhale the flame. 

Drowning. 1. Loosen the clothing, if any. 2. Empty the 
lungs of water by laying the patient on his stomach, and lifting him 
by the middle, so that the head hangs down. Jerk the body a few 
times. 3. Pull the tongue forward, using handkerchief, or pin with 
string, if necessary. 4. Imitate respiration by alternately compress- 
ing and expanding the lower ribs about twenty times a minute. 
Alternately raising and lowering the arms from the sides up above 
the head, gently but persistently, will stimulate the action jaf the 
lungs. 5. Apply warmth and friction to extremities. 6. "By hold- 
ing tongue forward, closing the nostrils, and pressing the "Adam's 
apple" back (so as to close entrance to stomach) direct inflation may 
be tried. Take a deep breath and breathe it forcibly into the mouth 
of patient, compressing the chest to expel the air. Repeat this opera- 
tion. 7. Don't give up! People have been saved after hours of 
patient, active effort. 8. When breathing begins, get the patient 
into a warm bed, give warm drinks, or spirits by teaspoonfuls. Let 
there be plenty of fresh air and quiet. 

Suffocation from Inhaling Illuminating Gas. — Get into the fresh 
air right away and lie down. Keep warm. Take ammonia — 20 drops 
to a tumblerful of water, at frequent intervals. Also 2 to 4 drops of 
tincture of nux vomica every hour or two for five or six hours. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 173 

WHAT TO DO TILL THE DOCTOR COMES. 

Extracts from instructions "For First Aid to Injured." 

A Shock. — If faint and cold, give stimulant in small doses, once 
in fifteen or twenty minutes, and secure warmth by external appli- 
cation or rubbing. 

Bleeding from Wound. — If from an artery, stop the current of 
blood to the wound by putting a compress or cloth pad over the 
artery. Fasten it firmly By a handkerchief or bandage, which may 
be tightened by twisting in a stick as a binder. The location of the 
artery can generally be determined by the throbbing sensation. If 
from a vein, apply pressure directly over the wound or by exposure 
or application of cold water. 

Perchloride of iron solution may be applied with cloth or lint. 
Keep the part elevated. 

Wounds. — The part should be properly cleansed of all foreign 
matter, the edges brought together and fastened with strips at* plas- 
ter; apply some anodyne solution; give stimulant, laudanum with 
brandy, if necessary. 

Bruises. — Apply tincture of arnica and wormwood or hama- 
melis; keep well covered and warm. 

Poisoned Wounds, from bite of animals. — Treatment should be 
prompt. If possible, suck the wound thoroughly two or three min- 
utes; cauterize with either nitric acid, chloride of zinc or nitrate of 
silver, use whisky freely internally. 

Stings of Insects. — Apply spirits of ammonia. 

Poisons. — General Directions. — Give an emetic as soon as possi- 
ble; tablespoonful of powdered mustard in a tumbler of warm water, 
or twenty grains of ipecac; after vomiting, give freely of warm 
drinks. 



INTEREST. s 

To find the interest on any sum, at any rate per cent and for 
any length of time: First — Multiply the principal by the rate per 
cent expressed in hundredths: this will give the interest for one year. 
Second — Find the number of days remaining, by consulting the cal- 
endar, and multiply the principal by as many hundredths as there 
are days, and for 3 per cent, divide the product by 120; for 4 per 
cent, divide by 90; for 5 per cent, divide by 72; for 6 per cent, divide 
by 60; for 7 per cent, divide by 52; for 8 per cent, divide by 45; 
for 9 per cent, divide by 40; for 10 per cent, divide by 36, and for 
12 per cent, divide by 30. This will give the interest for the days. 
Third — Add the two items of interest, and the sum will be the entire 
interest. 



174 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

HINTS ON RIGHT LIVING. 

Air and Exercise. — Take abundance of fresh air, especially in 
your sleeping room at night. Avoid drafts; shut them out or move 
aside. 

Exercise daily in the open, preferably in the performance of 
useful labor of some kind. Walking about just for the sake of walk- 
ing is not the best of exercise. Walk erect with the chest up and 
the chin held in, and practice deep, full. breathing through the nos- 
trils, not through the mouth. 

Bathing. — Take a full bath in moderately hot water and soap, 
followed with cold water and a vigorous rub, once" or twice a week 
for cleanliness. Always finish the bath with cold water to give 
vigor, close the pores and insure against taking cold. 

Take a plunge in cold wated every morning, or a cold sponge 
or towel bath, wipe dry and then induce a perfect reaction or warm, 
healthy glow by a friction rub with a coarse Turkish towel, by slap- 
ping and by exercise. 

Take this morning tonic regularly and you will seldom, if ever, 
take a cold and you will need but little extra clothing in winter. 

Proper Clothing. — Never expose yourself by wearing too little 
clothing; but do not form the habit of bundling to keep warm. Keep 
the chest and extremities well protected. Do not wear a chest pro- 
tector that is impervious to air. 

Undergarments should be such as will readily absorb perspira- 
tion, thus keeping the body dry and free from chilling. 

Always exchange wet or damp clothing for dry before chilling. 

When chilled keep exercising or take a hot foot and leg bath 
immediately, if possible. 

Do not retard the circulation of the blood or the natural devel- 
opment of the body by wearing tight-fitting garments. Suspend the 
clothing from the shoulders, leaving the waist and hips free. 

Temperate Habits. — Do not engage in harmful amusements, nor 
keep late hours, nor take on habits that weaken either mind or body. 

Foods. — With proper substitutes, it is better to cut out flesh 
meats altogether. 

Have regular meals of wholesome, nutritious, well prepared 
and well cooked foods. 

Give attention to the right combination of foods. 

Eat only when hungry and only enough to satisfy hunger. Mas- 
ticate thoroughly. 

Take good care of your teeth. 

Do not use strong condiments, as mustard, pepper-sauce, etc. 

Do not discuss the food question in your own mind or with 
others while eating. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 175 

Good Cheer. — Do right and have i. clear conscience and be 
cheerful and enjoy life. 

Never give place for a moment to anger, worry or gloom, or to 
thinking or speaking ill of others. 

Cultivate friendship. Be broad-minded and generous in your 
estimate of people whom you do not like, if there be any such. 

Declare perpetual peace with yourself and all things else, ani- 
mate and inanimate, including the weather. 

He that is of a merry heart hath a continual peace. — Solomon. 

Excluding Selfishness. — Think little of self, but much of the 
welfare of others. Devote your life and means to the good of human- 
ity. Connect this life with the life and world to come. 

Life and the Body. — Life is the happiest gift of God, and the 
human body is the best of Nature's handiwork. It is perfect in de- 
sign and wonderful in construction. Carelessness, aided by ignor- 
ance, is responsible for all its diseases and all its defects. A regu- 
lated system of health would astound mankind with results both mar- 
velous and enjoyable. — Hale. 



ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 
First. Send for a physician. 

Second. Induce vomiting by tickling throat with feather or fin- 
ger, drinking hot water or strong mustard and water. Swallow 
sweet oil or whites of eggs. 

Acids are antidotes for alkalies, and vice versa. 



SPECIAL POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 

Acids — Muriatic, Oxalic, Acetic, Sulphuric (Oil of Vitriol), Nitric 
{Aqua Fords). 
Antidotes — Soapsuds, magnesia, lime water. 

Prussic Acid. 
Antidotes — Ammonia in water. Dash water in face. 

Carbolic Acid. 
Antidotes — Whisky or dilute grain alcohol if obtainable, flour 
and water, mucilaginous drinks. 

Alkalies — Potash, Lye, Hartshorn, Ammonia. 
Antidotes — Vinegar or lemon juice in water. 
Arsenic — Rat Poison, Paris Green. 
' Antidotes — Milk, raw eggs, sweet oil, lime water, flour and 
water. 



176 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Bug Poison — Lead, Salt Petre, Corrosive Sublimate, Sugar of Lead, 
Blue Vitriol. 
Antidotes — Whites of eggs, or milk in large doses. 

Chloroform — Chloral, Ether. 
Antidotes. — Dash cold water on head and chest, artificial res- 
piration. 

Carbonate of Soda — Coperas, Cobalt. 
Antidotes — Soapsuds and mucilaginous drinks. 

Iodine — Antimony, Tartar Emetic. 
Antidotes — Starch and water astringent infusions, strong tea. 

Mercury and its Salts. 
Antidotes — Whites of eggs, milk, mucilages. 

Opium — Morphine, Laudanum, Paregoric, Soothing Powders or 
Syrups. 
Antidotes — Strong coffee, hot bath. Keep awake and moving 
at any cost. 



TABLOID RECIPES. 

ink stains removed by solution of oxalic acid. 

Acid stains, apply pearl ash, boil in soap water. 

iron stains, use oxalic acid or buttermilk. 

Fruit stains, wet cloth, hold over burning sulphur. 

Grease spots, equal parts ether, ammonia and alcohol. 

Rust in iron removed by kerosene oil. 

Paint or glass cleaned by using strong hot vinegar. 

Smoked mica cleaned by washing with vinegar. 

Dry putty removed by applying hot metal. 

Steel cleaned by unslaked lime. 

Metals cleaned by rottenstone and spirits of turpentine. 

Marble cleaned by strong lye and quicklime. 

Brass cleaned by half ounce alum boiled in one pint of water. 

Paint cleaned by using common whiting. 

Silver cleaned by weak solution of ammonia. 

Gold cleaned by soap and water, dry in magnesia. 

Wells cleaned by throwing in a peck of unslaked lime. 

Colors in fabrics set by spoonful oxgall to gallon water. 

Lamp chimneys toughened by boiling in weak brine. 

Lamp smoking prevented by soaking wick in vinegar. 

Caneseat chairs tightened, sponge with hot water. 

Mold prevented by small quantity of carbolic acid. 

Steel pens non-corroding, bit of iron in ink. 

Wood hardened by boiling in olive oil ten minutes. 

Ring on finger removed by holding in cold water. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 177 

MISCELLANEOUS WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. • 

Troy Weight. 

24 grains 1 pwt. 

20 pwt 1 ounce 

21 ounces : 1 pound 

Used for weighing gold, silver and jewels. 

Apothecaries' Weight 
20 grains 1 scruple 

3 scruples 1 dram 

8 drams 1 ounce 

12 ounces 1 pound 

The ounce and pound in this are the same as in Troy Weight. 

Avoirdupois Weight. 

27 11-32 grains 1 dram 

16 drams 1 ounce 

16 ounces 1 pound 

25 pounds 1 quarter 

4 quarters 1 cwt. 

2,000 pounds 1 short ton 

2,240 pounds 1 long ton 

Dry Measure. 

2 pints 1 quart 

8 quarts 1 peck 

4 pecks 1 bushel 

36 bushels 1 chaldron 

Liquid Measure. 

4 gills 1 pint 

2 pints 1 quart 

4 quarts 1 gallon 

31 Y2 gallons 1 barrel 

2 barrels 1 hogshead 

Time Measure. 

60 seconds 1 minute 

60 minutes 1 hour 

24 hours 1 day 

7 days 1 week 

28, 29, 30 or 31 days 1 calendar month 

(30 days 1 month in computing interest) 

365 days 1 year 

366 days 1 leap year 

Circular Measure. 

60 seconds 1 minute 

60 minutes 1 degree 

30 degrees 1 sign 

90 degrees 1 quadrant 

4 quadrants 12 signs or 360 degrees 1 circle 



178 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Cubic Measure. 

1728 cubic inches 1 cubic foot 

27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard 

128 cubic feet 1 cord (wood) . 

40 cubic feet 1 ton (shipping) 

2150.42 cubic inches 1 standard dry bushel 

231 cubic inches 1 standard liquid gallon 

268.8 cubic inches 1 standard dry gallon 

1 cubic foot about 4-5 of a bushel 

Mariners' Measure. 

6 feet 1 fathom 

12 faths 1 cable length 

7% cable lengths 1 mile 

5280 feet : 1 statute mile 

6085 feet 1 nautical mile 

Long Measure. 

12 inches 1 foot 

3 feet 1 yard 

bVz yards 1 rod 

40 rods .1 furlong 

8 furlongs 1 statute mile 

3 miles 1 league 

Cloth Measure. 

2*4 inches 1 nail 

4 nails 1 quarter 

4 quarters 1 yard 

Paper Measure. 

24 sheets 1 quire 

20 quires 1 ream (480 sheets) 

2 reams 1 bundle 

5 bundles 1 bale 

Miscellaneous. 

3 inches 1 palm 

4 inches 1 hand 

6 inches 1 span 

18 inches 1 cubit 

21.8 inches 1 Bible cubit 

2.5 feet 1 military pace 

Square Measure. 

144 square inches 1 square foot 

9 square feet 1 square yard 

SO 1 ^ square yards 1 square rod 

40 square rods 1 rood 

4 roods 1 acre 

640 acres 1 square mile 

Surveyor's Measure. 

7.92 inches 1 link 

25 links 1 rod 

4 rods 1 chain 

10 sq. chains or 160 sq. rods 1 acre 

640 acres 1 sq. mile 

36 sq. miles (6 miles square) 1 township 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 179 

WEIGHTS OF EVERYDAY THINGS. 

A barrel of flour weighs 196 lbs. 

A barrel of salt weighs 280 lbs. 

A barrel of beef weighs 200 lbs. 

A barrel of pork weighs 200 lbs. 

A barrel of fish weighs , 200 lbs. 

A keg of powder equals 25 lbs. 

A stone of lead or iron equals 14 lbs. 

A pig of lead or iron equals 21% stone 

Anthracite coal, broken — cubic foot averages 54 lbs. 

A ton, loose, occupies 40-43 cubic feet 

Bituminous coal, broken — cubic foot averages 49 lbs. 

A ton, loose, occupies 40-48 cubic feet 

Cement (Hydraulic) Rosendale, weight per bushel 70 lbs. 

Cement (Hydraulic) Louisville, weight per bushel 62 lbs. 

Cement (Hydraulic) Portland, weight per bushel 96 lbs. 

Gypsum, ground, weight per bushel 70 lbs. 

Lime, loose, weight per bushel 70 lbs. 

Lime, well shaken, weight per bushel 80 lbs. 

Sand at 98 lbs. per cu. foot, *ier bushel 122% lbs. 

18.29 bushels equal 1 ton 

1.181 tons equal 1 cubic yd. 



LEGAL WEIGHT OF VARIOUS COMMODITIES. 

(minimum weight, by u. s. statute) 

Pounds Per Bushel Pounds Per Bushel 

Apples, dried 26 Lime, unslaked 80 

Barley 48 Malt 38 

Beans, castor 46 Millet seed 50 

Beans, white 60 Oats 32 

Bluegrass seed 14 Onions 57 

Bran 20 Peaches, dried 33 

Buckwheat 48 Peas 60 

Clover seed 60 Peas, ground, pea meal 24 

Coal 80 Potatoes, Irish 60 

Corn, shelled 56 Potatoes, sweet 55 

Corn, in the ear 70 Rye 56 

Corn meal 48 Salt, fine 55 

Flaxseed 56 Salt, coarse 70 

Hair, plastering 8 Timothy seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 Turnips 55 

Hungarian grass seed 50 Wheat 60 



180 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

WEIGHTS AND HOUSEHOLD MEASURES. 

45 drops of water make a teaspoonful. 

1 teaspoonful equals 1 fluid dram. 

1 dessertspoonful equals 2 teaspoonfuls, or 2 drams. 

1 tablespoonful equals 2 desertspoonfuls, or 4 teaspoonfuls. 

2 tablespoonfuls equals 8 teaspoonfuls, or 1 fluid ounce. 
1 common size wineglassful equals 2 ounces or % gill. 

1 common size tumbler holds Y2 pint. 

A small teacup is estimated to hold 4 fluid ounces or one gill. 

1 pound of wheat is equal to about a pint. 

1 pound and 2 ounces of Indian meal is equal to 1 quart. 

1 pound of sugar is equal to about 1 pint. 

1 pint of pure water is about one pound. 



WEIGHT OF FEEDS PER QUART. 

frequently the farmer wishes to feed a given weight of this, 
that or the other stuff and has no scales at hand to weigh it. If 
lie has a quart measure handy, he can use it to measure out the 
required weight. The quart weight of various feeds is as fol- 
lows : 

Cottonseed meal, 1.5 pounds; linseed meal, old process, 1.1 
pounds; gluten meal, 1.7 pounds; gluten feed, 1.2 pounds; wheat 
bran, coarse, .5 pound; wheat middlings, coarse, .8 pound, and 
fine, 1.1 pounds; mixed wheat feed, .6 pound; cornmeal, 1.5 pounds; 
oats, 1.2 pounds; rye bran, .6 pound; H. O. dairy feed, .7 pound, and 
Victor corn feed, .7 pound per quart. 



PRACTICAL MEASUREMENT OF LAND. 

To find the number of acres in any rectangular piece of land, 
multiply the length and breadth in rods together, and divide by 160 
(the number of square rods in an acre) and the result will be the 
required answer. 

When one side and perpendicular to that side from the opposite 
angle are given, take one-half the product of the side and perpen- 
dicular, and divide by 160. 

When three sides are given, from half the sum of the three sides 
subtract each side separately; multiply the half sum and the three 
remainders together; the square root of the product divided by 160 
will give the number of acres in the field. 

When the piece of land is in the shape of a trapezoid, take one- 
half the product of the sum of the parallel sides and the perpendicu- 
lar between those sides, and divide by 160. 

To find the area of any straight-sided piece of land, divide the 
latter into convenient parts, find the area of every part, and the sum 
will be the area of the field. 

In general, the parts into which the field can be most conven- 
iently divided will be triangles, but in some cases we may have a 
rectangle or a trapezoid, whose areas may be found by the preceding 
rules. The area of a right-angle triangle equals one-half the product 
of the two short sides. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



181 



WHEN TO PLANT SEEDS. 

The seeds of farm crops may be divided into two classes ac- 
cording to the temperature at which they will germinate or sprout 
readily and can be safely planted, and the blossoming time of fruit 
trees can be taken as a more certain guide than any arbitrary calen- 
dar date. 

Class A. — Those seeds that will germinate or sprout at an aver- 
age temperature of forty-five degrees in the shade or at about the 
time the peach and plum trees blossom: 



Barley 

Oats 

Rye 

Wheat 

Red clover 

Crimson clover 

Grasses 



Parsley 

Parsnip 

Onion 

Pea 

Radish 

Turnip 

Spinach 



Beet 

Carrot 

Cabbage 

Cauliflower 

Endive 

Kale 

Lettuce 

These can be planted with safety in the spring as soon as the 
ground can be prepared, and some of them, if planted in the fall, 
live through the winter. 

Class B. — Those seeds that will germinate or sprout at an aver- 
age temperature of sixty degrees in the shade, or when the apple 
trees blossom: 

Alfalfa Soy bean Squash 

Cow Pea Pole bean Cucumber 

Corn String bean Pumpkin 

Cotton Melon Tomato 

Eggplant Okra Pepper 



LENGTH OF GERM LIFE IN SEEDS. 



Vegetables — Years 

Cucumber 8 to 10 

Melon 8 to 10 

Pumpkin 8 to 10 

Squash 8 to 10 

Broccoli 5 to 6 

Cauliflower 5 to 6 

Artichoke 5 to 6 

Endive ! 5 to 6 

Pea 5 to 6 

Radish 4 to 5 

Beet 3 to 4 

Cress 3 to 4 

Lettuce 3 to 4 

Mustard 3 to 4 

Okra 3 to 4 

Rhubarb 3 to 4 

Spinach 3 to 4 

Turnip 3 to 6 



Vegetables — Years 

Asparagus 2 to 3 

Bean 2 to 3 

Carrot 2 to 3 

Celery 2 to 3 

Corn (on cob) 2 to 3 

Leek 2 to 3 

Onion 2 to 3 

Parsley 2 to 3 

Parsnip 2 to 3 

Pepper 2 to 3 

Tomato 2 to 3 

Eggplant 1 to 2 

HERBS 

Anise 3 to 4 

Caraway 2 

Summer Savory 1 to 2 

Sage 2 to 3 



182 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



GERMINATING TABLE OF GARDEN SEEDS. 



Days 

Bean 5-10 

Beet ..._ 7-10 

Cabbage 5-10 

Carrot 12-18 

Cauliflower 5-10 

Celery 10-20 

Corn 5-8 

Cucumber 6-10 

Endive 5-10 



Days 

Lettuce 6-8 

Onion 7-10 

Pea 6-10 

Parsnip 10-20 

Pepper 9-14 

Radish 3-6 

Salsify 7-12 

Tomato 6-12 

Turnip 4-8 



QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED FOR A GIVEN NUMBER 
OF HILLS. 



Hills 

Pole beans 1 lb. to 100 

Corn 1 lb. to 300 

Cucumbers 1 oz. to 50 

Watermelons 1 oz. to 30 



Hills 

Muskmelons 1 oz. to 60 

Okra 1 oz. to 100 

Pumpkins 1 oz. to 30 

Squash 1 oz. to 30 



QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED FOR A GIVEN NUMBER 
OF PLANTS. 



Plants 

Asparagus 1 oz. 300 

Cabbage 1 oz. 2000 

Cauliflower 1 oz. 1500 

Celery 1 oz. 2500 

Endive 1 oz. 3000 

Egg Plant 1 oz. 1500 

Leek 1 oz. 1000 

Lettuce 1 oz. 3000 



Plants 

Marjoram 1 oz. 1500 

Pepper 1 oz. 1500 

Rhubarb 1 oz. 500 

Tomato 1 oz. 1500 

Thyme 1 oz. 4000 

Sage 1 oz. 1000 

Savory 1 oz. 2000 



TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PLANTS OR TREES 
TO THE ACRE AT GIVEN DISTANCE. 



Dist. apart 



No. trees 



1 foot 43,500 

1% feet 19,360 

2 feet 10,890 

2y 2 feet 6,960 

3 feet 4,480 

4 feet 2,722 

5 feet 1,740 



Dist. apart No. trees 

9 feet 537 

12 feet 302 

15 feet 193 

18 feet 134 

21 feet 98 

24 feet 75 

27 feet 59 



6 feet 1,210 38 feet. 



30 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 183 

WEIGHT OF DIFFERENT MANURES TO APPLY TO 
DIFFERENT CROPS PER ACRE. 

Potatoes Stable 15 to 30 tons 

Mangel wurzel Stable 20 to 30 tons 

Carrots Stable 12 to 20 tons 

Beans Stable 12 to 20 tons 

Onions Stable 25 to 40 tons 

Nitrate of soda and potash 250 lbs. 

Salt 250 to 500 lbs. 

Soot 1000 to 1500 lbs. 

Concentrated fertilizers for garden or field cultures 500 to 800 lbs. 



BENEFITS OF MANUjRE. 

The benefit nl any particular sample of manure is difficult to 
estimate, owing to the fact that it may act upon the soil in several 
different ways, any of which, however, is invigorating; and the 
effect of manure extends over a period of years. Taking the subject 
as a whole, the benefits secured from applying the manure to the 
soil may be summed up as follows: 

First — Manure increases the supply of humus. 

Second — It adds plant food. 

Third — It acts upon the soil in such a manner as to render plant 
food in the soil more available. 

Fourth — It makes the soil warmer. 

Fifth — It enables the soil to receive and retain more water and 
give it up gradually to growing crops. 

Sixth — It improves soil ventilation. 

Seventh — It aids in the development of bacteria. 

Eighth — It helps to prevent the denuding effect of washing and 
heavy wind storms. 



VALUE OF OTHER FOODS COMPARED WITH HAY. 

It has been estimated that one hundred pounds of good hay will 
possess the same feeding value as 

Pounds Pounds 

Wheat UY 2 Oats 59 

Corn 62% Rye 53% 

Clover, Red, Green 373 Potatoes 360 

Beets 669 Peas, dry 37% 

Beans . 28 Oat-Straw 347 

Barley 58 Clover, Red Dry 88 

Carrots 371 Turnips 469 

Oil Cake, linseed 43 Carrot leaves (tops) 135 

Buckwheat 78% Rve-Straw 429 



184 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

SPRAYING SUGGESTIONS. 

Don't spray immediately after a rain or heavy dew. 

Spray on a still day. Ii you must spray in the wind, spray the 
windward side and leave the other till the wind changes or a still 
day comes. 

Don't spray when trees are in full bloom. It reduces the crop 
and kills the bees. 

Arsenical sprays should not be applied within two weeks of the 
time the fruit is to be eaten. 



MEASURING AND ESTIMATING HELPS. 

Rule for Measuring Corn. 
A heaped bushel contains 2748 cubic inches. To find the num- 
ber of bushels of corn in a crib it is therefore necessary merely to 
multiply together the length, width and height in inches and divide 
the product Oy 2748. The number of bushels of shelled corn will be 
two-thirds of the quotient. If the sides of the crib are slanting, 
it will be necessary to multiply together one-half the sum of the top 
and bottom widths, the height and length. 

Rule for Estimating Hay. 
Hay is often sold in the mow or stack where the weight has to 
be estimated. For this purpose 4UU cubic feet of hay is considered 
a ton. The actual weight of 400 cubic feet of hay will vary accord- 
ing to the quality of the hay, time of cutting, position in the mow, 
etc. For making an estimate in a given case multiply together the 
length, breadth and height of the mow or stack in feet and divide 
the product by 400. The quotient will be the number of tons. 

Grain Estimates. 
A wagon box ten feet long, three feet wide and 25 inches deep 
will hold 27.8 bushels of ear corn, or 50.2 bushels of shelled corn. 
A crib 10 feet wide, 10 feet high and 16 feet long will hold 711 bush- 
els of ear corn. Of ear corn one bushel is contained in two and a 
quarter cubic feet. In figuring shelled corn and grain, the same 
space will hold one and four-fifths times as much grain as it will of 
ear corn. A crib that will hold 800 bushels of ear corn will hold of 
shelled corn or other grain 1,440 bushels. 

Weights for Barn Use. 

Frequently the farmer wishes to feed a given weight of this, that 
or the other stuff and has no scales at hand to weigh it. If he has a 
quart measure handy, he can use it to measure out the required 
weight. The quart weight of various feeds is as follows : 

Cottonseed meal, 1.5 pounds; linseed meal, old process, 1.1 
pounds; gluten meal, 1.7 pounds; gluten feed, 1.2 pounds; wheat 
bran, coarse, .5 pound; wheat middlings, coarse, .8 pound, and fine, 

1.1 pounds; mixed wheat feed, .6 pound; cornmeal, 1.5 pounds; oats, 

1.2 pounds; rye bran, .6 pound; H. O. dairy feed, .7 pound, and 
Victor corn feed, .7 pound per quart. 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 185 

THE COST OF RAISING A DAIRY COW. 

(U. S. DEPT. AGR. BULLETIN 49) 

One- Year Old Per cent. Two-year Old Per cent. 

Heifer Heifer 

Initial value $ 7.04 17 $ 7.04 11.4 

Feed 24.67 62 40.83 66.4 

Labor 4.45 11 7.81 12.7 

Other items '. 6.36 16 13.73 22.3 

Total $42.52 $69.41 

Credit manure 3.00 7 8.00 13 

Net cost $39.52 $61.41 

AVERAGE COST OF RAISING A HORSE. 

(FROM INVESTIGATIONS OF THE U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE) 

Service fee $12.95 

Time lost by mare in foaling 10.06 

Breaking to baiter 2.22 

Veterinary service 2.04 

Care and shelter— 1st year, $4.98; 2d year, $5.36; 3d year, $6.35.. 16.69 
Grain fed 1st year, 4.98; 2d year, 7.14; 3d year, 9.56.. 21.68 

Hay fed 1st year, 4.14; 2d year, 6.61; 3d year, 8.48.. 18.23 

Pasture 1st year, 2.56; 2d year, 5.41; 3d year, 6.21.. 14.18 

Other costs 5.01 

Total $104.06 

Range included from $69.50 in New Mexico to $156.60 in Rhode 
Island. 



HOW TO MAKE WHITEWASH. 

(From Farmer's Bulletin No. 474) 
For interior work : Walls, ceilings, etc. : 

(1) Slake 62 pounds (1 bushel) quicklime with 15 gallons 
water. Keep barrel covered until steam ceases to rise. Stir occa- 
sionally to prevent scorching. 

(2) Two and one-half pounds rye flour. Beat up in V2 gallon 
cold water, then add two gallons boiling water. 

(3) Two and one-haif pounds common rock salt. Dissolve in 
2 V2 gallons hot water. 

Mix (2) and (3), pour into (1) and stir till thoroughly mixed. 
For exterior work : Buildings, fences, etc. : 

(1) Sixty-two pounds (1 bushel) quicklime. Slake with 12 gal- 
lons hot water. 

(2) Two pounds common table salt, one pound sulphate of 
zinc, dissolved in two gallons boiling water. 

(3) Two gallons skimmed milk. 

Pour (2) into (1), then add (3) and mix thoroughly. 

A pound of cheap bar soap dissolved in a gallon of boiling 
water and added to about five gallons of thick whitewash will give 
it a gloss like that of oil point. 



186 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

BRIEF BUSINESS LAWS. 

The maker of a note that is lost or stolen is not released from 
payment if the amount and consideration can be proven. 

Notes bear interest only when so stated. 

Demand notes are payable on presentation, without grace, and 
bear legal interest after a demand has been made, if not so written. 
An endorser on a demand note is holden only for a limited time, 
variable in different states. 

A negotiable note must be made payable either to bearer, or be 
properly endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. If the 
endorser wishes to avoid responsibility, he can endorse "without 
recourse." 

A joint note is one signed by two or more persons, who can each 
become liable for the whole amount. 

No grace is allowed in the majority of states on time notes after 
the time for payment expires. If not paid when due, the endorser, if 
any, should be legally notified to be holden. 

Notes falling due on Sunday, or on a legal holiday, must be paid 
the day following as a rule. , 

A note made on Sunday is void, also one dated ahead of its issue. 
It may be dated back at pleasure. 

Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. 

Altering a note in any manner, by the holder, makes it void. 

A note by a minor is void in some states, and in others is void- 
able on judicial decision. 

A contract made with a minor, or a lunatic, is void. 

Notes obtained by fraud, or given by intoxicated persons, can- 
not be collected. It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. Signatures made 
with a lead pencil are good in law. The acts of one partner bind 
the rest. 

Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. 

Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole 
amount of the debts of the firm, except in cases of special partner- 
ship. The word "limited," in connection with a firm name, indi- 
cates that a limitation of responsibility for each member is fixed. 

Ignorance of the law excuses no one. A receipt for money is 
not legally conclusive. 

An agreement without consideration of value is void. "Value 
received" is usually written in a note, and should be, but it is not 
necessary. If not written, it is presumed by the law or may be sup- 
plied by proof. 



General Index 



Horse Section 



Abortion in Mares 11 

Abscesses 11 

Acute Coughs 21 

Anemia 12 

Apthae 12 

Ascaris Megalocephala 44 

Athrophy 51 

Azoturia 13 

Barrenness 25 

Bleeding after Castration.... 14 

Blood Poisoning 14 

Bog Spavin 48 

Bone Spavin 49 

Bots 14 

Bronchitis 15 

Capped Elbow 48 

Capped Hock 16 

Capped Knee 16 

Cerebral Meningitis 45 

Choking 16 

Chronic Coughs 21 

Chronic Catarrh 35 

Coffin Joint Lameness 16 

Colds 20 

Colic, Spasmodic 19 

Colic, Wind or Flatulent 20 

Colt Constipation 18 

Colt Diarrhoea 18 

Constipation 18 

Corns 21 

Coughs 21 

Cracked Heels 22 

Curb 22 

Diarrhoea 23 

Diseases of the Eye 25 

Dislocation of the Patella.... 50 

Distemper 23 

Dropsv of the Bellv 24 

Dropsy of the Chest 24 

Dropsy of the Legs 24 

Dropsy of Udder or Sheath 24 

Eczema 24 

Emphysema of the Lungs.... 28 

Epizootic Catarrh 30 

Eye Diseases 

Failure to Breed 25 

Farcy 27 

Filariae 26 

Fistula 26 

Fistula of the Food 43 

Fistulous Withers 26 

Forage Poisoning 45 

Founder 26 



Galls 27 

Gastrophilis 14 

Glanders 27 

Grease Heel 28 

Haemopis 31 

Heaves 28 

Horse Dentistry 30 

How to Find Your Horses' 

Age 29 

Inflammation of the Brain.... 45 

Influenza /„ 30 

Inguinal Hernia 45 

Larngitis 46 

Lampas 31 

Leeches 31 

Lockjaw 31 

Lung Fever _ 32 

Lymphangitis 34 

Mange 34 

Monday Morning Disease 34 

Mud Fever 35 

Nasal Catarrh 20 

Nasal Gleet 35 

Navel String Infection 36 

Navel String Bupture 38 

Navicular Disease 16 

Nettle Bash 51 

Open Joint 39 

Oxyuris Curvula 41 

Palisade Worm 39 

Patechial Fever 40 

Pharvngitis '. 46 

Pin Worm 41 

Pink Eye 30 

Pleurisy 41 

Pneumonia 32 

Poll Evil 42 

Purpura Haemorrhagica 40 

Pyaemia 14 

Quittor 43 

Bed Worm 43 

Bheumatism 44 

Ring Bone 43 

Round Worm 44 

Scabies 34 

Scrotal Rupture 45 

Septicaemea 14 

Shoe Boil ~ 48 

Side Bones 48 

Sore Throat 46 

Spavin, Bog 48 



188 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



Spavin, Bone 49 

Splints 51 

Staggers 4"> 

Strangles 23 

Stifle Joint Lameness 50 

String Halt 47 

Strongylus Armatus 39 

Strongylus Tetracanthus 43 

Surfeit 51 

Sweeney 52 

Taenia 53 

Tape Worm 53 

Tetanus 31 



Thoroughpin 52 

Thread-like Worm 26 

Thread or Maw Worm 41 

Thrush 53 

Umbilical Pvaemia 36 

Umbilical Hernia 38 

Urtecaria 51 

Wind Colic 20 

Wind Galls 54 

Wolf Teeth 55 

Wounds 54 



Cattle Section 



Abortion 59 

Abortion, Non-contagious .... 59 

Abdominal Hernia 88 

Abscesses 60 

Acute Cough 

Amaurosis 60 

Anorexia 82 

Anthrax 59 

Barrenness 64 

Black Quarter 64 

Black Leg 64 

Bleeding 63 

Bloating 65 

Blood Poison 62 

Blood Suckers 83 

Bloody Urine 89 

Bloody Milk 63 

Blue Milk 63 

Bronchitis 62 

Calf Cholera 69 

Calf Scours 69 

Calving 66 

Cateract 67 

Catarrh 67 

Casting the Withers 70 

Chapped Teats 71 

Cnoking 70 

Chronic Bacterial Dysenteria 71 

Cnronic Diarrhoea 71 

Coal Oil Poisoning 70 

Colic 70 

Conjunctivitis - 77 

Contagious Abortion 81 

Cough, Acute 65 

Cough, Chronic 65 

Cow Pox 69 

Dehorning 73 

Diarrhoea * 72 

Dislocation of the Eyeball... 72 

Drenching 73 

Dropsy 73 



Eczema 74 

Ergot Poisoning 74 

Ergotism 74 

Eversion of Womb 70 

Feeds and Feeding 75 

Fluke in Liver and Lungs.... 75 

Founder 75 

Garget 72 

Grubs 91 

Haemorrhage 63 

Hard Milkers 77 

Hollow Horn 76 

How to' Administer Dr. Kori- 

nek's Capsules 77 

How to Care for the Calf 76 

Indigestion 83 

Infectious Abortion 81 

Inflammation of the Eye 77 

Inflammation of the Kidneys 78 

Inflammation of the Penis.... 78 

Inflammation of the Womb.. 78 
Inflammation of the Heart 

Sac 79 

Inflammation of the Bag 79 

Laceration of the Eyeball... 84 

Laminitis 75 

Laryngitis 86 

Leeches 83 

Leucorrhoea 91 

Loss of Appetite 82 

Loss of Cud 83 

Lung Fever 84 

Lung Worm 94 

Mammitis 79 

Measley Beef 84 

Metritis 78 

Milk Fever 85 

Navel 111 85 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



189 



Paralysis 86 

Parturient Apoplexy 85 

Pericarditis 79 

Physiology of Rumination.... 86 

Points of the Cow 58 

Pyaemia 62 

Red Water 89 

Retained Afterbirth 89 

Rheumatism 89 

Ring Worm 90 

Ringing the Bull 86 

Round Worm 88 

Rupture 88 

Symptomatic Anthrax 64 

Stringy Milk 90 



Scum on the Eye 91 

Southern Cattle Fever 93 

Suppression of Milk 91 

Tape Worms 94 

Texas Fever 93 

Ticks 93 

Tuberculosis 92 

Twisted Stomach Worms 93 

Verminous Bronchitis 94 

Warbles 91 

Warts on Teats 95 

White Scours 69 

Whites 91 

Wolf in Tail 95 



Swine Section 



Abortion 99 

Administration of Medicine 

to Hogs 99 

Bag Inflammation 102 

Black Tooth 100 

Blood Poisoning 99 

Bronchitis 100 

Castration 101 

Choking 101 

Cholera 102 

Diarrhoea in Young Pigs 102 

Garget * 102 

Heat Stroke 114 

Hog Cholera 102 

Indigestion 104 

Inflammation of the Bag 102 

Inflammation of the Lungs.. 106 

Inguinal Rupture :.. 113 

Jaundice 104 

Kidney Congestion 105 

Kidney Worm 104 

Lice 106 

Lung Fever 106 

Lung Worms 105 

Mange 106 

Navel Rupture 108 

Nettle Rash 107 



Paralysis of the Hind Quar- 
ters 110 

Piles 108 

Pin Worms Ill 

Pleurisy Ill 

Points of the Hog 98 

Prolapsus of the Anus 108 

Pyaemia 99 

Rheumatism 112 

Rickets 114 

Round Worms 112 

Rupture, Inguinal 113 

Rupture, Scrotal 113 

Scours 102 

Scrotal Rupture 113 

Septicaemia 99 

Serum Treatment for Hog 

Cholera 115 

Sore Feet 116 

Sore Mouth 115 

Sows Eating Pigs 115 

Sun Stroke 114 

Thorn Headed Worms 116 

Thumps 117 

Umbilical Rupture 108 

Urticaria 107 

Whip Worm 117 

Worms, Round 112 

Worms, Kidney 104 

Worms, Lung* 105 

Worms, Pin Ill 

Worms, Thorn-headed 116 

Worms, Whip 117 

Yellows 104 



190 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry- 



Sheep Section 



Bad Cold 123 

Black Scours 121 

Bloating 121 

Bronchitis Verminous 128 

Catarrh 123 

Contagious Foot Rot 123 

Diarrhoea 123 

Distomiasis 126 

Dysentary 123 

Foot Rot 124 

Grubs in the Head 124 

Indigestion 124 

Impaction 124 



Leech or Liver Fluke 126 

Lice 125 

Lip and Leg Disease 125 

Lip and Leg Ulceration 125 

Louse Fly 128 

Mange 126 

Points of the Sheep 120 

Sheep Ticks 128 

Sheep Pox 128 

Sheep Variola 128 

Strongylosis 121 

Verminous Bronchitis 128 



Poultry Section 



Abortion 144 

Abscesses 135 

Air Sac Mite 133 

Apoplexy 133 

Ascites 141 

Baldness 134 

Beak and Throat Obstruction 133 

Black Head 134 

Body Lice 134 

Bronchitis 135 

Bruises 135 

Bumble Foot 135 

Catarrh 135 

Chicken Pox 13 

Cholera 147 

Congestion of the Liver 138 

Conjestion of the Lungs 138 

Constipation 139 

Corns 135 

Crop Impaction 139 

Deep Bruises 135 

Difficult Laying 141 

Diptheretic Roup '. 140 

Diptheria 140 

Double Yolk Eggs 141 

Dropsy 141 

Egg Bound 141 

Egg Eating 142 

Eggs without Shells 142 

Enteritis 

Favus 134 

Feather Pulling 142 

Feather Eating 142 

Fowl Cholera 147 

Gapes 142 

Gastro-Intestinal Catarrh 140 

Gastro-Enteritis 140 

Gout 145 



Head Lice 143 

Hemmorrhage of the Brain.. 133 
How to Feed Young Chicks 143 

Incomplete Egg 144 

Infectious Entero - Hepatis 

of Turkeys 134 

Inflammation of Crop 139 

Inflammation of the Mouth 144 

Intestinal Obstruction 139 

Jaundice 144 

Leg Weakness 145 

Liver Congestion 144 

Mange 144 

Obstruction of the Oviduct.. 141 

Paryalsis 145 

Paralysis of the Crop 139 

Pip 144 

Points of the Fowl 132 

Red Mites 145 

Rheumatism 145 

Roup 136 

Scabies of the Body 144 

Scabies 146 

Scaly Leg 146 

Soft Shelled Eggs 142 

Sorehead 136 

Sore Mouth 146 

Throat Obstruction 133 

Thrush 146 

Tuberculosis 146 

Vent Gleet 147 

Verminous - Tracheo Bron- 
chitis 142 

Warts 146 

White Diarrohea 147 

Worms 148 



Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 



191 



Dog Section 



Abscess of Ear .... 
Ascaris Marginata 
Asthma ., 



Barrenness 

Bringing Forth Young 

Bronchocele 

Bronchitis 



Canker 

Care of Bitch after 'Whelping 

Care of Kennel 

Care of New Born Puppies.. 

Care of Pregnant Mother 

Chronic Bronchitis 

Dog Distemper 

Enteritis 

Epilepsy 

Fits 

Fleas 

Goiter 

Haematoma 

How to give the Dog a Pill- 
Indigestion 

Inflammation of the Bowels 
Inflammation of the Bag 



152 
164 
152 

153 
153 
156 
153 

154 

153 
154 
153 
154 
152 

154 

157 
155 
155 
155 

156 

152 
156 

157 
157 
157 



Laryngitis 159 

Lousiness 158 

Lung Fever 158 



Mammitis 157 

Maw Worm 165 

Phthiriasis 157 

Piles 158 

Points of the Dog 151 

Pulex Serraticeps 155 

Retention of Milk 159 

Rickets 159 

Round Worms 164 

Salmon Poisoning 160 

Sore Mouth 160 

Sort Throat 159 

Strychnine Poison 159 

Taenia Marginata 162 

Tape Worms 162 

Tartar on Teeth 152 

Tenia Echinococcus 162 

Tenia Serialis 163 

Tenia Canina 163 

Tenia Corenurus... 163 

Tenia Serreta 164 

Trichocephalus Depres- 

siuisculus 165 

Unicinaria Canina 164 

Vomiting 160 

Whelping 165 

Whip Worm 166 

Worms 161 



Useful Information for the Farmer 

Age of Puberty 169 

Antidotes for Poisons 175 

Average Period of Incubation 170 

Benefits of Manure 183 

Brief Business Laws 186 

Cost of Raising a Dairy Cow 185 

Cost of Raising a Horse .... '. 185 

Farm Barn Hints 171 

First Aid to the Injured 172 

Germinating Table of Garden Seeds 182 

Hints on Right Living 174 

How to Hake Whitewash 185 

Interest 173 

Legal Weights of Various Commodities *. 179 

Length of Germ Life in Seeds 181 

Measuring and Estimating Helps 184 

Miscellaneous Weights and Measures 177 

Pulse Throbs per Minute 169 

Quantity of Seed Required 182 

Respiration 168 

Some Facts about Stock Food 170 

Spraying Suggestions 184 



192 Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry 

Special Poisons and Antidotes 175 

Tabloid Recipes 176 

Temperature of Cattle 168 

Temperature of the Dog 169 

Temperature of Sheep and Goats 168 

Temperature of the Horse 168 

Temperature of Swine 168 

To Remove Dampness and Mould in Cellars 171 

Value of Other Foods Compared with Hay 183 

Weights of Everyday Things 179 

Weights of Different Manures 183 

Weights of Household Measures 180 

Weight of Feeds per Quart 180 

When to Plant Seeds 181 

What To Do 'Till the Dctoher Comes.: 173 



